Android开发4：碎片Fragment的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 17:37:31 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 17:37:31 发布

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分类专栏： Android开发文章标签：移动开发 app android studio 安卓

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43819274/article/details/109233198

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Android开发4：碎片Fragment的使用

文章目录

一、碎片的基本使用

碎片是一种可以嵌入在活动当中的UI片段，它能让程序更加合理和充分地利用大屏幕的空间，因而在平板上应用的非常广泛。

知识点：
动态添加碎片
碎片的返回栈

left_fragment.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="Button"/>

</LinearLayout>

right_fragment.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#00ff00"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="this is the right fragment"/>

</LinearLayout>

another_right_fragment.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#ffff00"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="this is another right fragment "/>
</LinearLayout>

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/right_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1">
    </FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>

LeftFragment:

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * Created by ThinkPad on 2020/10/22.
 */

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment{
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState){
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.left_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

RightFragment:

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
/**
 * Created by ThinkPad on 2020/10/22.
 */

public class RightFragment extends Fragment{
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState){
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

AnotherRightFragment:

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * Created by ThinkPad on 2020/10/22.
 */

public class AnotherRightFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState){
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.another_right_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

MainActivity:

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button button=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        //创建待添加的碎片实例
        replaceFragment(new RightFragment());
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v){
        switch(v.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                replaceFragment(new AnotherRightFragment());
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    //动态添加碎片
    private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment){
        //获取FragmentManager
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        //开启一个事务
        FragmentTransaction transaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        //向容器中添加或替换碎片，需要传入容器的id和待添加的碎片实例
        transaction.replace(R.id.right_layout,fragment);
        //用于将一个事务添加到返回栈中，按下back键可以返回到上一个碎片
        transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        //提交事务
        transaction.commit();
    }
}

碎片和活动之间进行通信：

二、碎片的生命周期

碎片附加的回调方法：
onAttach（）：当碎片和活动建立关联时调用
onCreateView（）：当碎片创建视图（加载布局）时调用
onActivityCreated（）：确保与碎片相关联的活动一定已经创建完毕的时候调用
onDestroyView（）：当与碎片关联的视图被移除时调用
onDetach（）：当碎片和活动解除关联的时候调用
在这里插入图片描述

三、一个简易版的新闻应用（使用碎片）

类：
在这里插入图片描述

MainActivity：

package com.example.fragmentbestpractice;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

News：

package com.example.fragmentbestpractice;

public class News {
    private String title;
    private String content;
    public String getTitle(){
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title){
        this.title=title;
    }
    public String getContent(){
        return content;
    }
    public void setContent(String content){
        this.content=content;
    }
}

NewsContentActivity：

package com.example.fragmentbestpractice;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class NewsContentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    //每个可跳转的活动都应该包含一个actionStart
    public static void actionStart(Context context,String newsTitle,String newsContent){
        Intent intent=new Intent(context,NewsContentActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra("news_title",newsTitle);
        intent.putExtra("news_content",newsContent);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.news_content);
        //获取传入的新闻标题
        String newsTitle=getIntent().getStringExtra("news_title");
        //获取传入的新闻内容
        String newsContent=getIntent().getStringExtra("news_content");
        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment=(NewsContentFragment)getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
        //刷新NewsContentFragment界面
        newsContentFragment.refresh(newsTitle,newsContent);
    }
}

NewsContentFragment：

package com.example.fragmentbestpractice;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {
    private View view;
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState){
        view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_content_frag,container,false);
        return view;
    }

    public void refresh(String newsTitle,String newsContent){
        View visibilityLayout=view.findViewById(R.id.visibility_layout);
        visibilityLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        TextView newsTitleText=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
        TextView newsContentText=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_content);
        newsTitleText.setText(newsTitle);//刷新新闻的标题
        newsContentText.setText(newsContent);//刷新新闻的内容
    }
}

NewsTitileFragment：

package com.example.fragmentbestpractice;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class NewTitileFragment extends Fragment {
    private boolean isTwoPane;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState){
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_title_frag,container,false);
        RecyclerView newsTitleRecyclerView=(RecyclerView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_title_recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager=new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        NewsAdapter adapter=new NewsAdapter(getNews());
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        return view;
    }

    private List<News> getNews(){
        List<News> newsList=new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){
            News news=new News();
            news.setTitle("this is news title "+i);
            news.setContent(getRandomLengthContent("this is news content "+i+"."));
            newsList.add(news);

        }
        return newsList;
    }

    private String getRandomLengthContent(String content){
        Random random=new Random();
        int length=random.nextInt(20)+1;
        StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
            builder.append(content);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        if(getActivity().findViewById(R.id.news_content_layout)!=null){
            isTwoPane=true;//可以找到news_content_layout布局时，为双页模式
        }else{
            isTwoPane=false;//找不到时，为单页模式
        }
    }

    //新建一个内部类NewsAdapter来作为RecyclerView的适配器
    class NewsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewsAdapter.ViewHolder>{
        private List<News> mNewsList;
        class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
            TextView newsTitleText;
            public ViewHolder(View view){
                super(view);
                newsTitleText=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);

            }
        }

        public NewsAdapter(List<News> newsList){
            mNewsList=newsList;
        }

        @Override
        public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,int viewType){
            View view=LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.news_item,parent,false);
            final ViewHolder holder=new ViewHolder(view);
            view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v){
                    News news=mNewsList.get(holder.getAdapterPosition());
                    if(isTwoPane){
                        //如果是双页模式，则刷新NewsContentFragment中的内容
                        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment=(NewsContentFragment)getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
                        newsContentFragment.refresh(news.getTitle(),news.getContent());

                    }else{
                        //如果是单页模式，则直接启动NewsContentActivity
                        NewsContentActivity.actionStart(getActivity(),news.getTitle(),news.getContent());
                    }
                }
            });
            return holder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,int position){
            News news=mNewsList.get(position);
            holder.newsTitleText.setText(news.getTitle());
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount(){
            return mNewsList.size();
        }
    }
}

xml：
在这里插入图片描述
activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentbestpractice.NewTitileFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</FrameLayout>

news_content.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_content_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentbestpractice.NewsContentFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

news_content_frag.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/visibility_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:visibility="invisible">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:textSize="20sp"/>
        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="1dp"
            android:background="#000"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:padding="15dp"
            android:textSize="18sp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <View
        android:layout_width="1dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:background="#000"/>
</RelativeLayout>

news_item.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:maxLines="1"
    android:ellipsize="end"
    android:textSize="18sp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingBottom="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="10dp"/>

news_titile_frag.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/news_title_recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

acticity_main.xml:(sw600dp限定符）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    //左边放新闻标题目录
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentbestpractice.NewTitileFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    //右边放新闻内容
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/news_content_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="3">

        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/news_content_fragment"
            android:name="com.example.fragmentbestpractice.NewsContentFragment"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    </FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>

效果如图：
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

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Android开发4：碎片Fragment的使用

Android开发4：碎片Fragment的使用文章目录Android开发4：碎片Fragment的使用一、碎片的基本使用二、碎片的生命周期一、碎片的基本使用碎片是一种可以嵌入在活动当中的UI片段，它能让程序更加合理和充分地利用大屏幕的空间，因而在平板上应用的非常广泛。知识点：动态添加碎片碎片的返回栈left_fragment.xml:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="ht
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