TCP协议
- 使用TCP协议前,须先建立TCP连接,形成传输数据通道
- 传输前,采用“三次握手”方式,是可靠的
- TCP协议进行通信的两个应用进程:客户端、服务端
- 在连接中可进行大数据量的传输
- 传输完毕,需释放已建立的连接,效率低
UDP协议:
- 将数据、源、目的封装成数据包,不需要建立连接
- 每个数据报的大小限制在64K内
- 因无需连接,故是不可靠的
- 发送数据结束时无需释放资源,速度快
总结
- TCP协议是一个面向连接的,可靠的,效率较低的协议
- UDP协议是一个无连接的,不可靠的,效率较高的协议
TCP/IP协议
客户端发送一条语句到服务器:
服务器类
package cn.huidian.tcp1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1,创建一个serverScoket服务器对象
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(9000);
// 2,启动服务器,等待客户端的连接
System.out.println("-----服务器已启动,等待客户端连接-----");
Socket socket = server.accept();
// 3,使用客户端对象来获取其字节输入流对象读取信息
InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
byte b[] = new byte[1024];
int n = 0;
while((n=in.read(b))!=-1) {
String str = new String(b,0,n);
System.out.println("客户端说:" + str);
}
// 4,释放资源
in.close();
socket.close();
server.close();
}
}
客户端
package cn.huidian.tcp1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
// 1,创建socket对象
Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 9000);
// 2,通过对象来获取其字节输出流
OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
String me = "hello!";
out.write(me.getBytes());
// 3,释放资源
out.close();
client.close();
}
}
字符流实现客户端无限发送动态数据,服务器端无限接收并发送动态数据:
服务器类
package cn.huidian.tcp1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Server3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(9000);
System.out.println("服务器已启动,等待客户端连接....");
Socket client = server.accept();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream()));
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true) {
String mess = br.readLine();
System.out.println("客户端说:"+ mess);
System.out.println("请回复");
String fmess = input.next();
bw.write(fmess);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
if(mess.equalsIgnoreCase("拜拜")) {
break;
}
}
bw.close(); // 用不执行语句的是废代码,java中不允许出现废代码.
br.close();
client.close();
server.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端类
package cn.huidian.tcp1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Client3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Socket client = new Socket("localhost",9000);
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream()));
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true) {
System.out.println("请说话");
String mess = input.next();
bw.write(mess);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
String fmess = br.readLine();
System.out.println("服务器回复:"+ fmess);
if(mess.equalsIgnoreCase("拜拜")) {
break;
}
}
br.close();
bw.close();
client.close();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP协议
UDP协议是一个无连接的,不可靠的,效率较高的协议
小案例:
服务器类
package cn.huidian.udp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1,创建datagramSocket对象
DatagramSocket server = new DatagramSocket(9000);
// 2,创建一个空包,用来接收数据
byte by[] = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(by,by.length);
// 3,接收数据并打印再控制台
server.receive(packet);
String mess = new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength());
System.out.println("接收的信息:"+ mess);
// 4,释放资源
server.close();
}
}
客户端类
package cn.huidian.udp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1,创建 DatagramSocket对象
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 2,把信息和ip地址 端口号,打包
String mess = "helloworld!";
byte by[] = mess.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new
DatagramPacket(by,0,by.length,InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 9000);
// 3,发送包
socket.send(packet);
// 4.释放资源
socket.close();
}
}