linux ubuntu系统环境搭建
1. 配置环境
1.1 安装jdk
tar -zvxf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/environment/jdk
#设置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/environment/jdk/jdk1.8.0_271
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
#另外下载方案
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless
1.2 更换yum源
sudo -s cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
gedit /etc/apt/sources.list //这就是存放更新源的文件
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
deb https://typora.io/linux ./
# deb-src https://typora.io/linux ./
# 让更新生效
sudo apt-get update
1.3 安装vim
sudo apt-get install vim
打开vim配置文件:
sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc
添加以下代码,到文件尾:
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 显示相关
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
set shortmess=atI " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示
winpos 5 5 " 设定窗口位置
set lines=30 columns=85 " 设定窗口大小
set nu " 显示行号
set go= " 不要图形按钮
"color asmanian2 " 设置背景主题
set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI " 设置字体
syntax on " 语法高亮
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul " 用浅色高亮当前行
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul " 用浅色高亮当前行
set ruler " 显示标尺
set showcmd " 输入的命令显示出来,看的清楚些
set cmdheight=1 " 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,设置为1
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议)
set scrolloff=3 " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set novisualbell " 不要闪烁(不明白)
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "状态行显示的内容
set laststatus=1 " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)
set foldenable " 允许折叠
set foldmethod=manual " 手动折叠
set background=dark "背景使用黑色
set nocompatible "去掉讨厌的有关vi一致性模式,避免以前版本的一些bug和局限
" 显示中文帮助
if version >= 603
set helplang=cn
set encoding=utf-8
endif
" 设置配色方案
"colorscheme murphy
"字体
"if (has("gui_running"))
" set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10
"endif
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件,自动插入文件头
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
""定义函数SetTitle,自动插入文件头
func SetTitle()
"如果文件类型为.sh文件
if &filetype == 'sh'
call setline(1,"\#########################################################################")
call append(line("."), "\# File Name : ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author : codelnn")
call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail : 2543703057@qq.com")
call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time : ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################")
call append(line(".")+5, "")
call append(line(".")+6, "\#!/bin/bash")
call append(line(".")+7, "")
call append(line(".")+8, "")
else
call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************")
call append(line("."), " > File Name : ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+1, " > Author : codelnn")
call append(line(".")+2, " > Mail : 2543703057@qq.com ")
call append(line(".")+3, " > Created Time : ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/")
call append(line(".")+5, "")
endif
if &filetype == 'cpp'
call append(line(".")+6, "#include<iostream>")
call append(line(".")+7, "")
call append(line(".")+8, "using namespace std;")
call append(line(".")+9, "")
call append(line(".")+10, "int main(int argc,char *argv[])")
call append(line(".")+11, "{")
call append(line(".")+12, " ")
call append(line(".")+13, " return 0;")
call append(line(".")+14, "}")
endif
if &filetype == 'c'
call append(line(".")+6, "#include<stdio.h>")
call append(line(".")+7, "")
call append(line(".")+8, "int main(int argc,char *argv[])")
call append(line(".")+9, "{")
call append(line(".")+10, " ")
call append(line(".")+11, " return 0;")
call append(line(".")+12, "}")
autocmd BufNewFile * 12 j
endif
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"C,C++ 按F5编译运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'c'
exec "!gcc % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'sh'
:!./%
endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map <C-F5> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'c'
exec "!gcc % -g -o %<"
exec "!gdb -tui ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
exec "!gdb -tui ./%<"
endif
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代码补全
set completeopt=preview,menu
"允许插件
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板
set clipboard+=unnamed
"从不备份
set nobackup
"自动保存
set autowrite
set ruler " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline " 突出显示当前行
set magic " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m " 隐藏菜单栏
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=3
set foldenable " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式,而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候,弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=4
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容(包括文件类型和解码)
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 总是显示状态行
set laststatus=2
" 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,默认为1,这里是2
set cmdheight=2
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白,便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间(单位是十分之一秒)
set matchtime=1
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件(需要txt.vim脚本)
au BufRead,BufNewFile * setfiletype txt
"自动补全
":inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
":inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
":inoremap [ []<ESC>i
":inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
":inoremap " ""<ESC>i
":inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
return "\<Right>"
else
return a:char
endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu
1.4 安装主题
# 安装Unity Tweak Tool(Ubuntu的图形界面管理工具)
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
# 安装flatabulous-theme主题和图标
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme ultra-flat-icons
# 在软件中选择对应的主题和图标
1.5 安装maven
-
下载
wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.3/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz
-
解压
tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/environment/maven
-
添加环境本量
sudo gedit /etc/profile
-
使修改的配置立刻生效
source /etc/profile
-
检查是否安装成功
mvn -v
-
更换为国内镜像
-
设置本地仓库位置
2. 安装必要软件
默认安装软件位置 /usr/share
2.1 安装typora
sudo wget -qO - https://typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://typora.io/linux ./'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install typora
2.2 安装微信
# Clone this repository
git clone https://github.com/geeeeeeeeek/electronic-wechat.git
# Go into the repository
cd electronic-wechat
# Install dependencies and run the app
npm install && npm start
2.3 安装qq
# https://phpcj.org/wineqq/
# 官方版本
https://im.qq.com/linuxqq/index.html
wget http://down.qq.com/qqweb/LinuxQQ/linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1084_amd64.deb
sudo gdebi linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1084_amd64.deb
2.4 安装redshift
sudo apt-get install redshift-gtk
2.5 安装bingwall壁纸
sudo snap install bing-wall
2.6 安装gdebi
# 作用 安装deb文件用
sudo apt-get install gdebi
#安装deb文件
sudo gdebi wps-office_11.1.0.9719_amd64.deb
2.7 安装谷歌
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
2.8 安装wps
wget https://wdl1.cache.wps.cn/wps/download/ep/Linux2019/9719/wps-office_11.1.0.9719_amd64.deb
# 解压安装
sudo gdebi wps-office_11.1.0.9719_amd64.deb
# 下载缺少字符集
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yr9XsJM8FW-AKAryestYFQ 提取码: ggfd
# 安装缺少字符集
sudo cp mtextra.ttf symbol.ttf WEBDINGS.TTF wingding.ttf WINGDNG2.ttf WINGDNG3.ttf /usr/share/fonts/wps-office/
#卸载libreOffice
sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common
#卸载掉亚马逊链接
sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common
sudo apt-get remove fcitx-ui-qimpanel
2.9 安装搜狗输入法
# 下载deb文件
https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/
# 移动文件
mv sogoupinyin_2.4.0.2732_amd64.deb /usr/soft/sugou
# 添加依赖
sudo apt -f install
# 安装
sudo gdebi sogoupinyin_2.4.0.2732_amd64.deb
# 重启即可