数据结构与算法（Python）[超详细版本] 01-5 线性表-双向链表的操作（或实现）

双向链表

链表中就有两条方向不同的链，我们可称之为双向链表(Double Linked List)。顾名思义，在双向链的结点表中有两个指针域，其中一个指向直接后继，另一个指向直接前驱，描述如下：

class Node(object):
    """双向链表节点"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item
        self.next = None
        self.prev = None

操作

1. is_empty() 链表是否为空
2. length() 链表长度
3. travel() 遍历链表
4. add(item) 链表头部添加
5. append(item) 链表尾部添加
6. insert(pos, item) 指定位置添加
7. remove(item) 删除节点
8. search(item) 查找节点是否存在

基础实现

class Node(object):
    """双向链表节点"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item
        self.next = None
        self.prev = None


class DLinkList(object):
    """双向链表"""
    def __init__(self):
        self._head = None

    def is_empty(self):
        """判断链表是否为空"""
        return self._head == None

    def length(self):
        """返回链表的长度"""
        cur = self._head
        count = 0
        while cur != None:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        return count

    def travel(self):
        """遍历链表"""
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            print cur.item,
            cur = cur.next
        print ""

    def add(self, item):
        """头部插入元素"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            # 如果是空链表，将_head指向node
            self._head = node
        else:
            # 将node的next指向_head的头节点
            node.next = self._head
            # 将_head的头节点的prev指向node
            self._head.prev = node
            # 将_head 指向node
            self._head = node

    def append(self, item):
        """尾部插入元素"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            # 如果是空链表，将_head指向node
            self._head = node
        else:
            # 移动到链表尾部
            cur = self._head
            while cur.next != None:
                cur = cur.next
            # 将尾节点cur的next指向node
            cur.next = node
            # 将node的prev指向cur
            node.prev = cur

    def search(self, item):
        """查找元素是否存在"""
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            if cur.item == item:
                return True
            cur = cur.next
        return False

指定位置插入节点

def insert(self, pos, item):
    """在指定位置添加节点"""
    if pos <= 0:
        self.add(item)
    elif pos > (self.length()-1):
        self.append(item)
    else:
        node = Node(item)
        cur = self._head
        count = 0
        # 移动到指定位置的前一个位置
        while count < (pos-1):
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        # 将node的prev指向cur
        node.prev = cur
        # 将node的next指向cur的下一个节点
        node.next = cur.next
        # 将cur的下一个节点的prev指向node
        cur.next.prev = node
        # 将cur的next指向node
        cur.next = node

删除元素

   def remove(self, item):
        """删除元素"""
        if self.is_empty():
            return
        else:
            cur = self._head
            if cur.item == item:
                # 如果首节点的元素即是要删除的元素
                if cur.next == None:
                    # 如果链表只有这一个节点
                    self._head = None
                else:
                    # 将第二个节点的prev设置为None
                    cur.next.prev = None
                    # 将_head指向第二个节点
                    self._head = cur.next
                return
            while cur != None:
                if cur.item == item:
                    # 将cur的前一个节点的next指向cur的后一个节点
                    cur.prev.next = cur.next
                    # 将cur的后一个节点的prev指向cur的前一个节点
                    cur.next.prev = cur.prev
                    break
                cur = cur.next

完整代码：

# coding:utf-8

class Node(object):
    """结点"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.elem = item
        self.next = None
        self.prev = None


class DoubleLinkList(object):
    """双链表"""
    def __init__(self, node=None):
        self.__head = node

    def is_empty(self):
        """链表是否为空"""
        return self.__head == None

    def length(self):
        """链表长度"""
        # cur游标，用来移动遍历节点
        cur = self.__head
        # count记录数量
        count = 0
        while cur != None:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        return count

    def travel(self):
        """遍历整个链表"""
        cur = self.__head
        while cur != None:
            print(cur.elem, end=" ")
            cur = cur.next
        print("")

    def add(self, item):
        """链表头部添加元素，头插法"""
        node = Node(item)
        node.next = self.__head
        self.__head = node
        node.next.prev = node

    def append(self, item):
        """链表尾部添加元素, 尾插法"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            self.__head = node
        else:
            cur = self.__head
            while cur.next != None:
                cur = cur.next
            cur.next = node
            node.prev = cur

    def insert(self, pos, item):
        """指定位置添加元素
        :param  pos 从0开始
        """
        if pos <= 0:
            self.add(item)
        elif pos > (self.length()-1):
            self.append(item)
        else:
            cur = self.__head
            count = 0
            while count < pos:
                count += 1
                cur = cur.next
            # 当循环退出后，cur指向pos位置
            node = Node(item)
            node.next = cur
            node.prev = cur.prev
            cur.prev.next = node
            cur.prev = node

    def remove(self, item):
        """删除节点"""
        cur = self.__head
        while cur != None:
            if cur.elem == item:
                # 先判断此结点是否是头节点
                # 头节点
                if cur == self.__head:
                    self.__head = cur.next
                    if cur.next:
                        # 判断链表是否只有一个结点
                        cur.next.prev = None
                else:
                    cur.prev.next = cur.next
                    if cur.next:
                        cur.next.prev = cur.prev
                break
            else:
                cur = cur.next

    def search(self, item):
        """查找节点是否存在"""
        cur = self.__head
        while cur != None:
            if cur.elem == item:
                return True
            else:
                cur = cur.next
        return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ll = DoubleLinkList()
    print(ll.is_empty())
    print(ll.length())

    ll.append(1)
    print(ll.is_empty())
    print(ll.length())

    ll.append(2)
    ll.add(8)
    ll.append(3)
    ll.append(4)
    ll.append(5)
    ll.append(6)
    # 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
    ll.insert(-1, 9)  # 9 8 1 23456
    ll.travel()
    ll.insert(3, 100)  # 9 8 1 100 2 3456
    ll.travel()
    ll.insert(10, 200)  # 9 8 1 100 23456 200
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(100)
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(9)
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(200)
    ll.travel()