python机器学习库sklearn入门（1）工具使用（数据分割、模型评估），来自kaggle竞赛

from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error # 绝对平均误差评估模块
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split # 训练集测试集分割模块

# split data into training and validation data, for both features and target
# The split is based on a random number generator. Supplying a numeric value to
# random_state用于确保每次分割结果相同（不改值则不变，不设置则会随机改变）
# 主要目的是为了在不同模型下用同样的训练集和测试集评估模型好坏
# 可以设置测试集尺寸，参数为test_size
train_X, val_X, train_y, val_y = train_test_split(X, y, random_state = 0)
# 定义模型
melbourne_model = DecisionTreeRegressor()
# 拟合模型
melbourne_model.fit(train_X, train_y)

# 获取测试集预测结果
val_predictions = melbourne_model.predict(val_X)
# 打印绝对平均误差评估模型好坏
print(mean_absolute_error(val_y, val_predictions))