大数据组件安装笔记（一）Hadoop安装

Hadoop 安装

1. 通过xmanager的Xftp上传hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz文件到/opt目录
2. 解压缩hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz 文件
   tar -zxf hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local

解压后即可，看到/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4文件夹

3. 配置Hadoop

进入目录：

cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4/etc/hadoop/

依次修改下面的文件：

3.1 core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
    <name>fs.defaultFS</name>  
      <value>hdfs://master:8020</value>  
      </property>  
    <property>
      <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
      <value>/var/log/hadoop/tmp</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

3.2 hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151
3.3 hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>file:///data/hadoop/hdfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    <value>file:///data/hadoop/hdfs/data</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
     <value>master:50090</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>dfs.replication</name>
     <value>3</value>
</property>
</configuration>

3.4 mapred-site.xml
复制cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
<property>
    <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
    <value>yarn</value>
</property>
<!-- jobhistory properties -->
<property>
    <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
    <value>master:10020</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
     <value>master:19888</value>
</property>
</configuration>

3.5 yarn-site.xml

<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
  <value>master</value>
</property>    
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8032</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8030</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.https.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8090</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8031</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
  <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs</name>
  <value>/data/hadoop/yarn/local</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
  <value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir</name>
  <value>/data/tmp/logs</value>
</property>
<property> 
  <name>yarn.log.server.url</name> 
  <value>http://master:19888/jobhistory/logs/</value>
  <description>URL for job history server</description>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled</name>
  <value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
  <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
  <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
<property>  
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>  
  <value>2048</value>  
</property>  
<property>  
  <name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb</name>  
  <value>512</value>  
</property>   
<property>  
  <name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb</name>  
  <value>4096</value>  
</property> 
<property> 
  <name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name> 
  <value>2048</value> 
</property> 
<property> 
  <name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name> 
  <value>2048</value> 
</property> 
<property> 
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores</name> 
  <value>1</value> 
</property>

3.6 yarn-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151

3.7 slaves
slave1
slave2
slave3

3.8 设置IP映射
编辑各节点/etc/hosts
添加：
192.168.128.130 master master.centos.com
192.168.128.131 slave1 slave1.centos.com
192.168.128.132 slave2 slave2.centos.com
192.168.128.133 slave3 slave3.centos.com

拷贝hadoop安装文件到集群slave节点

scp -r /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4 slave1:/usr/local
scp -r /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4 slave2:/usr/local
scp -r /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4 slave3:/usr/local

4. 配置SSH无密码登录

（1）使用ssh-keygen产生公钥与私钥对。
输入命令“ssh-keygen -t rsa”，接着按三次Enter键
[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory ‘/root/.ssh’.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
a6:13:5a:7b:54:eb:77:58:bd:56:ef:d0:64:90:66:d4 root@master.centos.com
The key’s randomart image is:
±-[ RSA 2048]----+
| … |
| . .E|
| . = |
| . . o o |
| o S . . =|
| o * . o ++|
| . + . . o ooo|
| o . …o |
| .|
±----------------+

生成私有密钥id_rsa和公有密钥id_rsa.pub两个文件。ssh-keygen用来生成RSA类型的密钥以及管理该密钥，参数“-t”用于指定要创建的SSH密钥的类型为RSA。
（2）用ssh-copy-id将公钥复制到远程机器中

ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub master//依次输入yes,123456（root用户的密码）

ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub slave1
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub slave2
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub slave3

（3）验证是否设置无密码登录
依次输入
ssh slave1
ssh slave2
ssh slave3

5. 配置时间同步服务

（1）安装NTP服务。在各节点：

yum -y install ntp

（2）设置假设master节点为NTP服务主节点，那么其配置如下。
使用命令“vim /etc/ntp.conf”打开/etc/ntp.conf文件，注释掉以server开头的行，并添加:
restrict 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
（3）在slave中配置NTP，同样修改/etc/ntp.conf文件，注释掉server开头的行，并添加:
server master
（4）执行命令“service iptables stop & chkconfig iptables off”永久性关闭防火墙，主节点和从节点都要关闭。
（5）启动NTP服务。
① 在master节点执行命令“service ntpd start & chkconfig ntpd on”
② 在slave上执行命令“ntpdate master”即可同步时间
③ 在slave上分别执行“service ntpd start & chkconfig ntpd on”即可启动并永久启动NTP服务。

6. 在/etc/profile添加JAVA_HOME和Hadoop路径

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151
export PATH=$HADOO{P}_{H}OME/bin:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

source /etc/profile使修改生效

7. 格式化NameNode

进入目录

cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4/bin

执行格式化

 ./hdfs namenode -format

8. 启动集群

进入目录

cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4/sbin

执行启动：

./start-dfs.sh
./start-yarn.sh
./mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

使用jps，查看进程
[root@centos67 sbin]# jps
3672 NodeManager
3301 DataNode
3038 NameNode
4000 JobHistoryServer
4058 Jps
3589 ResourceManager
3408 SecondaryNameNode

9. 关闭防火墙（在所有节点执行）：

service iptables stop 
chkconfig iptables off

10. 浏览器查看：

http://master:50070
http://master:8088