1. 概述
1.1分布式系统面临的问题
1.2.是什么
1.3.能干嘛
服务降级
服务熔断
服务限流
接近实时的监控
Hystrix官宣,停更进维 ,被动修复bugs,不再接受合并请求,不再发布新版本
2.hystrix案例
2.1 新建cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001
2.1.1 改pom
<dependencies>
<!--新增hystrix-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.1.2改yml
server:
port: 8001
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true #表识不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: true #表示自己就是注册中心,职责是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
service-url:
# defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/ #设置与eureka server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
# server:
# enable-self-preservation: false
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
# eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000
2.1.3主启动类与业务类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
}
}
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
log.info("*******result:"+result);
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
log.info("*******result:"+result);
return result;
}
}
@Service
public class PaymentService {
//成功
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_OK,id: "+id+"\t"+"哈哈哈" ;
}
//失败
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
int timeNumber = 3;
try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber); }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut,id: "+id+"\t"+"呜呜呜"+" 耗时(秒)"+timeNumber;
}
}
2.1.4正常测试
启动eureka7001,启动cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001
访问:http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/31 和 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/31
2.1.5 高并发测试
开启Jmeter,来30000个并发压死8001,30000个请求都去访问paymentInfo_TimeOut服务
结果:ok和timeout这两个接口都在转圈圈
why?只是压测timeout接口,ok接口为何会变慢?
tomcat的默认的工作线程数被打满了,没有多余的线程来分解压力和处理。
2.2.cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80
2.2.1改pom
<dependencies>
<!--新增hystrix-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.2.2改yml
server
port: 80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true #表识不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: true #表示自己就是注册中心,职责是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-hystrix-order
2.2.3主启动类与业务类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
}
}
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {
@Resource
private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
log.info("*******result:"+result);
return result;
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
log.info("*******result:"+result);
return result;
}
2.2.4测试
http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/31 和 http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/31
2. 3服务降级
服务降级可以做在服务端,也可以做在客户端。
2.3.1服务端8001服务降级
主启动类添加注解:@EnableHystrix,具体方法添加@HystrixCommand
设置自身调用超时时间的峰值,峰值内可以正常运行,超过了需要有兜底的方法处理,作服务降级fallback
一旦调用服务方法失败并抛出了错误信息后,会自动调用@HystrixCommand标注好的fallbackMethod调用类中的指定方法
@Service
public class PaymentService {
//成功
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_OK,id: "+id+"\t"+"哈哈哈" ;
}
//失败
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000") //3秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
})
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
// int timeNumber = 5;
int age = 10/0;
// try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber); }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
//return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut,id: "+id+"\t"+"呜呜呜"+" 耗时(秒)"+timeNumber;
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut,id: "+id+"\t"+"呜呜呜"+" 耗时(秒)";
}
//兜底方法
public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id){
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 系统繁忙, 请稍候再试 ,id: "+id+"\t"+"哭了哇呜";
}
}
2.3.2客户端80服务降级
80订单微服务,也可以更好的保护自己,自己也依样画葫芦进行客户端降级保护
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #如果处理自身的容错就开启。开启方式与生产端不一样
主启动类添加注解:@EnableHystrix,具体方法添加@HystrixCommand
当前问题:和业务逻辑混一起???混乱
根据cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80已经有的PaymentHystrixService接口,重新新建一个类(PaymentFallbackService)实现该接口,统一为接口里面的方法进行异常处理
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
@Override
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_OK , (┬_┬)";
}
@Override
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_TimeOut , (┬_┬)";
}
}
在PaymentHystrixService 中注明fallback的类为PaymentFallbackService
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
2.3.3 测试
总结:
在客户端和服务端同是配置了服务降级的情况下,如果是客户端设置超时时间在服务端看来是正常情况,则会走客户端的降级逻辑。反之,则走服务端降级逻辑。
如果服务端出现运行时异常,则会走服务端降级逻辑。
如果服务端宕机,则会走客户端降级逻辑。
2.4 服务熔断
2.4.1 熔断是什么?
大神论文:https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html
类比:家里保险丝
2.4.2 演示断路器
修改cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001
PaymentService
//服务熔断
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"), //是否开启断路器
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"), //请求次数
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), //时间范围
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"), //失败率达到多少后跳闸
})
public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
if (id < 0){
throw new RuntimeException("*****id 不能负数");
}
String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();
return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号:"+serialNumber;
}
public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return "id 不能负数,请稍候再试,(┬_┬)/~~ id: " +id;
}
PaymentController
//===服务熔断
@GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
log.info("*******result:"+result);
return result;
}
测试:
正确:http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/31
错误:http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-31
多次错误,然后慢慢正确,发现刚开始不满足条件,就算是正确的访问地址也不能进行访问,需要慢慢的恢复链路
2.4.3 原理(小总结)
断路器开启或者关闭的条件
断路器打开后怎么办?
断路器所有的配置项:
2. 5hystrix工作流程
3. 服务监控hystrixDashboard
3.1 概述
3.2 新建cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001仪表盘服务
3.2.1改pom
<dependencies>
<!--新增hystrix dashboard-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.2.2改yml
server:
port: 9001
3.2.3 主启动类
HystrixDashboardMain9001+新注解@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixDashboardMain9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardMain9001.class,args);
}
}
所有Provider微服务提供类(8001/8002/8003)都需要监控依赖配置
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.2.4 hystrix Dashboard
注意:新版本Hystrix需要在主启动类MainAppHystrix8001中指定监控路径
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet(){
HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
启动cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001该微服务后续将监控微服务8001
http://localhost:9001/hystrix
9001监控8001
3.2.5 测试
正确:http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/31
错误:http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-31
先访问正确地址,再访问错误地址,再正确地址,会发现图示断路器都是慢慢放开的
断路器打开
断路器关闭
3.2.6 识图(七色一圈一线)
七色:
一圈:
一线:
整图说明: