HashSet如何保证存入集合的元素是唯一的?

先上结论:HashSet集合通过hashCode()和equals()方法来保证存入集合的元素是唯一的.先比较hashCode值是否相等,若不相等,则存入,若相等,则调用equals()方法,不相等,则存入,相等,则不存.应付面试,记住这些就OK了.但是,应付工作是远远不够的.

上代码:

class HashCodeDemo 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
        String s1 ="小明";
        String s2 ="小红";
        String s3 ="小力";
        String s4=new String("小明");
        String s5=new String("小明");
 
        set.add(s1);
        set.add(s2);
        set.add(s3);
        set.add(s4);
        set.add(s4);
        set.add(s5);
        for (String string : set) {
            System.out.println(string);
        }
        System.out.println(s.size());
    }
}

结果输出:

小力
小明
小红

这么看来,HashSet确实保证了元素的唯一.但是,请看下面的例子

import java.util.*;
class Person
{
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private int age;
    Person(String name,int age,String address){
        this.name = name;
        this.address=address;
        this.age = age;
    }
   
}
class HashCodeDemo 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        Set<Person> s = new HashSet<Person>();
        
       
        Person p = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        Person p1 = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        
        System.out.println("p.hashCode=" + p.hashCode());
        System.out.println("p1.hashCode=" + p1.hashCode());
 
        s.add(p);
        s.add(p1);
       
       
        System.out.println(s.size());
    }
}

输出结果:

p.hashCode=4126736
p1.hashCode=1049443
2

很明显,HashSet并没有保证元素的唯一性,这是为什么呢?

重写HashCode()方法试试

package collection;

import java.util.*;
class Person
{
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private int age;
    Person(String name,int age,String address){
        this.name = name;
        this.address=address;
        this.age = age;
    }
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + ((address == null) ? 0 : address.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
		return result;
	}
	
}
class HashCodeDemo 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        Set<Person> s = new HashSet<Person>();
        
       
        Person p = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        Person p1 = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        
        System.out.println("p.hashCode=" + p.hashCode());
        System.out.println("p1.hashCode=" + p1.hashCode());
 
        s.add(p);
        s.add(p1);
       
       
        System.out.println(s.size());
    }
}

输出结果:

p.hashCode=1690552867
p1.hashCode=1690552867
2

可以见得,hashCode值相等,但元素还是被存储进去了,仅仅重写hashCode()方法是不够的,再重写equals()方法试试

package collection;

import java.util.*;
class Person
{
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private int age;
    Person(String name,int age,String address){
        this.name = name;
        this.address=address;
        this.age = age;
    }
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + ((address == null) ? 0 : address.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
		return result;
	}
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Person other = (Person) obj;
		if (address == null) {
			if (other.address != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!address.equals(other.address))
			return false;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (name == null) {
			if (other.name != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
			return false;
		return true;
	}
	
}
class HashCodeDemo 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        Set<Person> s = new HashSet<Person>();
        
       
        Person p = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        Person p1 = new Person("拉格朗日",20,"珠海");
        
        System.out.println("p.hashCode=" + p.hashCode());
        System.out.println("p1.hashCode=" + p1.hashCode());
 
        s.add(p);
        s.add(p1);
       
       
        System.out.println(s.size());
    }
}

输出结果:

p.hashCode=1690552867
p1.hashCode=1690552867
1

易得:重写了hashCode()方法和equals()方法后,存入HashSet集合的元素保证了唯一性!

那为何String类型的值不用重写这俩方法呢?查看源码可知,String类已重写过了这俩方法,故不需重写.

结语:HashSet()集合要想保证唯一性,存入集合的对象的类必须重写hashCode()和equals()方法.