C语言实现bmp图像锐化

锐化(sharpening)和平滑恰恰相反，它是通过增强高频分量来减少图象中的模糊，因此又称为高通滤波(high pass filter)。锐化处理在增强图象边缘的同时增加了图象的噪声。

常用的锐化模板是拉普拉斯(Laplacian)模板，如下所示：

容易看出拉普拉斯模板的作法：以自身灰度值的9倍减去周围像素点灰度值作为自身新的灰度值。可见，如果一片暗区出现了一个亮点，那么锐化处理的结果是这个亮点变得更亮，增加了图象的噪声。因为图象中的边缘就是那些灰度发生跳变的区域，所以锐化模板在边缘检测中很有用。

实现代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#pragma pack(1)   //全紧凑模式

typedef struct {
	unsigned char bfType[2];
	unsigned int bfSize;
	unsigned short bfReserved1;
	unsigned short bfReserved2;
	unsigned int bfOffBits;
}bitmapFileHeader;

typedef struct {
	unsigned int biSize;
	unsigned int biWidth;
	unsigned int biHeight;
	unsigned short biPlanes;
	unsigned short biBitCount;
	unsigned int biCompression;
	unsigned int biSizeImage;
	unsigned int biXPixPerMeter;
	unsigned int biYPixPerMeter;
	unsigned int biClrUsed;
	unsigned int biClrImportant;
}bitmapInfoHeader;


typedef struct{
	unsigned char rgbBlue;
	unsigned char rgbGreen;
	unsigned char rgbRed;
	unsigned char rgbReserved;

}rgbQUAD;

typedef struct{
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	rgbQUAD palette[256];
	unsigned char *imgData;
}bmp;

int main(){
	FILE *fp;
	if((fp=fopen("d:\Temp\\test_gray.bmp","rb"))==NULL){
		perror("can not open file!");
		return -1;
	}
	//读入彩色bmp图像文件头，信息头和图像数据
	bitmapFileHeader bfHeader;
	fread(&bfHeader,14,1,fp);
	bitmapInfoHeader biHeader;
	fread(&biHeader,40,1,fp);
	int imSize=biHeader.biSizeImage;
	int width=biHeader.biWidth;
	int height=biHeader.biHeight;
	int bitCount=biHeader.biBitCount;
	int lineBytes=(width*bitCount+31)/32*4;
	
	fseek(fp,bfHeader.bfOffBits,SEEK_SET);
	unsigned char*imageData=(unsigned char*)malloc(imSize*sizeof(unsigned char));
	fread(imageData,imSize*sizeof(unsigned char),1,fp);	
	fclose(fp);

	bmp b;
	memcpy(&(b.bfHeader),&bfHeader,sizeof(bfHeader));
	memcpy(&(b.biHeader),&biHeader,sizeof(biHeader));
	b.imgData=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*imSize);
	memset(b.imgData,0,sizeof(unsigned char)*imSize);
	for(int i=0;i<256;i++){
		b.palette[i].rgbBlue=i;
		b.palette[i].rgbGreen=i;
		b.palette[i].rgbRed=i;
	}
	
	int i,j,temp;
	int sharpen[9]={-1,-1,-1,-1,9,-1,-1,-1,-1};//拉普拉斯锐化模板
	for(i=1;i<height-1;i++){  //1~height-2
		for(j=1;j<width-1;j++){ //1~width-2
			temp=imageData[lineBytes*(i+1)+j-1]*sharpen[0];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*(i+1)+j]*sharpen[1];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*(i+1)+j+1]*sharpen[2];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*i+j-1]*sharpen[3];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*i+j]*sharpen[4];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*i+j+1]*sharpen[5];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*(i-1)+j-1]*sharpen[6];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*(i-1)+j]*sharpen[7];
			temp+=imageData[lineBytes*(i-1)+j]*sharpen[8];
			if(temp>255)b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=255;
			else if(temp<0)b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=abs(temp);
			else b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=temp;
		}
	}
	
	char savePath[]="D:\Temp\\save_test.bmp";
	FILE *f_save=fopen(savePath,"wb");
	if(f_save==NULL){
		perror("can not open file!");
		return -2;
	}

	fwrite(&b.bfHeader,sizeof(bitmapFileHeader),1,f_save);
	fwrite(&b.biHeader,sizeof(bitmapInfoHeader),1,f_save);
	fwrite(&b.palette,1024,1,f_save);
	fwrite(b.imgData,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biHeader.biSizeImage,1,f_save);
	fclose(f_save);
	
	free(imageData);
	free(b.imgData);
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

代码效果：

原图像:

锐化图像：