Chapter 4: Cause and Effect
1.Introduce to a problem
- There is no denying that
- It has to be admitted that
- It cannot be denied that
- It is undeniable that
- It is a matter of fact that
- It is widely recognized that
- The phenomenon ( ) has been a common concern
------------------------------has aroused common concerns
------------------------------has become a focus of attention
------------------------------has sparked discussion
------------------------------ has become a disturbing/alarming phenomenon
------------------------------a longstanding phenomenon
2.Thesis for causes and effects
- Sth is caused by a number of factors. On the other hand, it can also lead to several unexpected consequence
- There are a number of contributors to sth. Meanwhile, it can also give rise to several unexpected results.
- Sth is the result of a number of factors. However, it can also result in several
3.Thesis for problems and solutions
- Sth is caused by a number of factors. On the other hand, a number of measures can be taken to solve the problem.
- Whereas several actions/steps can be taken to address/attack/combat/cope with/tackle problem
- A series of approaches can be adopted to face the challenge.
4.Topic sentence: introduce reasons
- There are a couple of/a number of/a series of/a few reasons why
- There causes for sth can be identified.
- There are there contributing factors behind sth
- There are several contributors to sth
5.Explain reasons
- The direct reason for … is
- The root cause … is
- The primary contributing factor behind … is
- The underlying cause for … is
- The primary contributor to … is
- In addition/moreover/besides/what’s more, … is also responsible/another reason/accountable/one further cause for …
- … may further contribute to /lead to/give rise to/result in
Is due to/because of/result from
6.Topic sentence: introduce effects
- On the other hand, … has a negative impact on the quality of life in many aspects.
- Nevertheless, … has a number of negative effects on the quality of life.
- Yet/Nonetheless, … can produce several/a series of unexpected effects.
Still, … can exert a range of …
7.List effects
- The direct effect is
- The most immediate consequence is
Further, if … there will be
8.Topic sentence: introduce solutions
- There are several measures to address the problem
- Steps could be taken to tackle this problem
- There are several solutions to the problem.
- A series of countermeasures can be outlined to the problem
… designed to cope with …
9.List solutions
- One solution is
- The most effective countermeasure would be to
- One further remedy is to
10.Discuss both views and give your opinion
- When it comes to the question of
- There remains some disagreement as to whether … . It is commonly held that
- Despite …, I would urge that
- Recently, the issue regarding … has been brought into the focus of
attention. There exist two different views, both supporting and opposing. - The views on … are controversial. Some people hold the view … .In contrast, others argue that … . I have the mixed feelings about the effect that tourism has
- As for me, I side with the latter view
- Personally, I cannot go along with such a view.
- As for me, I am not in favor of the viewpoint that