音视频 - YUV像素处理

将一帧YUV图像变成黑白照，只保留Y数据（灰度图）

我们把UV数据去掉，只写入Y数据，那么只剩下Y数据，打开图片的时候选择一定要选择以“Y”格式打开，而不是“YUV420”格式打开。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define startImage "lena_256x256_yuv420p.yuv"

int main()
{
        FILE *fp  = NULL;
        FILE *fp1 = NULL;

        unsigned char *readBuf;
        readBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(256*256*3/2);

        fp  = fopen(startImage,"rb+");
        fp1 = fopen("new_256x256_yuv420p.y","wb+");

        fread(readBuf,1,256*256,fp);

        fwrite(readBuf,1,256*256,fp1);

        free(readBuf);
        fclose(fp);
        fclose(fp1);
        return 0;
}

用yuv420格式打开的样子

用y格式打开的样子

将一帧YUV图像变成黑白照，将UV置0（灰度图）

上面只保存了Y数据，准确来说不算是YUV图像，我们不把UV拿掉，将U和V的数据修改为0就代表无色，让他置0也可以让他呈现黑白照。

U、V是图像中的经过偏置处理的色度分量。在偏置处理前，它的取值范围是-128-127，这时，把U和V数据修改为0代表无色。在偏置处理后，它的取值范围变成了0-255，所以这时候需要取中间值，即128。所以我们下面要将U和V数据修改为128

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define outPutFileName "testGrey.yuv"

int testYuv420Grey(char *fileName, int width, int height)
{
    FILE *fp;
    FILE *fp1;
    unsigned char *readBuf;
    readBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3/2);
    fp = fopen(fileName, "rb+");
    fp1 = fopen(outPutFileName, "wb+");

    /* read yuv file */
    fread(readBuf, 1, width*height, fp);

    /* memset U and V*/
    memset(readBuf+width*height, 128, width*height/2);

    /* create new file */
    fwrite(readBuf, 1, width*height*3/2, fp1);
	
	free(readBuf);
    fclose(fp);
    fclose(fp1);
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    testYuv420Grey("lena_256x256_yuv420p.yuv", 256, 256);
    return 0;
}

将一帧YUV图像U值置0，其他不动

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define outPutFileName "test0u.yuv"

int testYuv420Grey(char *fileName, int width, int height)
{
    FILE *fp;
    FILE *fp1;
    unsigned char *readBuf;
    readBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3/2);
    fp = fopen(fileName, "rb+");
    fp1 = fopen(outPutFileName, "wb+");

    /* read yuv file */
    fread(readBuf, 1, width*height, fp);

    /* memset U*/
    memset(readBuf+width*height, 128, width*height/4);

    /* create new file */
    fwrite(readBuf, 1, width*height*3/2, fp1);
	
	free(readBuf);
    fclose(fp);
    fclose(fp1);
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    testYuv420Grey("lena_256x256_yuv420p.yuv", 256, 256);
    return 0;
}

将一帧YUV图像V值置0，其他不动

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define outPutFileName "test0v.yuv"

int testYuv420Grey(char *fileName, int width, int height)
{
    FILE *fp;
    FILE *fp1;
    unsigned char *readBuf;
    readBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3/2);
    fp = fopen(fileName, "rb+");
    fp1 = fopen(outPutFileName, "wb+");

    /* read yuv file */
    fread(readBuf, 1, width*height, fp);

    /* memset V */
    memset(readBuf+width*height*5/4, 128, width*height/4);

    /* create new file */
    fwrite(readBuf, 1, width*height*3/2, fp1);
	
	free(readBuf);
    fclose(fp);
    fclose(fp1);
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    testYuv420Grey("lena_256x256_yuv420p.yuv", 256, 256);
    return 0;
}

将Y(亮度)值减半

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define startImage "lena_256x256_yuv420p.yuv"

int main()
{
        FILE *fp  = NULL;
        FILE *fp1 = NULL;
        int  nIdx = 0;

        unsigned char *readBuf;
        readBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(256*256*3/2);

        fp  = fopen(startImage,"rb+");
        fp1 = fopen("halfbrightness.yuv","wb+");

        fread(readBuf,1,256*256*3/2,fp);

        for(nIdx=0;nIdx<256*256;nIdx++)
        {
                readBuf[nIdx] = readBuf[nIdx]/2;
        }

        fwrite(readBuf,1,256*256*3/2,fp1);

        free(readBuf);
        fclose(fp);
        fclose(fp1);
        return 0;
}

自己制作一帧YUV420灰阶测试图

U和V数据置为128，将Y数据递增即可。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define OP_File "GreyTest.yuv"
#define yMAX 255

/**
 * Get gray scale test diagram
 * @param width :  输出图片的宽
 * @param height： 输出图片的高
 * @param num   :  输出灰阶测试图条数
 *
 */
int getGreyTest(int width,int height,int num)
{
        FILE *fp = NULL;
        int y_data[32];
        int new_ydata = 0;
        int yMAX_distance = yMAX/num;
        int width_distance = width/num;
        long FILE_Size = width*height*3/2;

        unsigned char *buf;
        buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(FILE_Size);

        fp = fopen(OP_File,"wb+");
        if(fp == NULL)
        {
                printf("fopen error!\n");
                return -1;
        }

        for(int i = 0;i<num;i++)
        {
                y_data[i] = new_ydata;
                new_ydata += yMAX_distance;
                printf("Y = %d U = %d V = %d\n",y_data[i],128,128);
        }

        memset(buf,0,FILE_Size);
        for(int h=0;h<height;h++)
        {
                for(int cnt = 0;cnt<num;cnt++)
                {
                        memset(buf + cnt*width_distance + h*width,y_data[cnt]
                                        ,width_distance);
                }

        }

        memset(buf+height*width,128,height*width/2);

        fwrite(buf,1,FILE_Size,fp);
        printf("Generate success\n");

        free(buf);
        fclose(fp);

}
int main()
{
        int num = 0;
        printf("please input num:\n");
        scanf("%d",&num);
        getGreyTest(352,288,num);
        return 0;
}

下图中有四列，每列还会分为行(h * width)和列(cnt * width_distance)

遇到的问题

注意：因为CSDN编辑格式我给 * 旁边各加了个空格

刚开始学习的时候，看半天fwritefwrite(pic+w * h,1,w * h/4,fp2)没看懂是啥意思，pic+w * h就是pic从w*h开始操作数据

其中前w * h Byte存储Y，接着的w * h * 1/4 Byte存储U，最后w * h * 1/4 Byte存储V

参考文档:
音视频入门（一） - YUV像素处理
yuv rgb 像素格式1
视音频数据处理入门：RGB、YUV像素数据处理.