四、4-5ListView

一、ListView的简单用法

XML：

activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="match_parent" >
	<ListView
		android:id="@+id/list_view"
		android:layout_width="match_parent"
		android:layout_height="match_parent" >
	</ListView>
</LinearLayout>

JAVA：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private String[] data = { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon","Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" };
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data); // 上下文，子项布局ID，数据
		ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);
	}
}
// data --> Adapter --> ListView

二、定制ListView的界面

步骤：

1、自定义ListView 适配器的适配类型。

public class Fruit {
	private String name;
	private int imageId;
	public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
		this.name = name;
		this.imageId = imageId;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public int getImageId() {
		return imageId;
	}
}

2、自定义ListView子项的布局

//fruit_item.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="match_parent" >
	<ImageView
		android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
	<TextView
		android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:layout_gravity="center"
		android:layout_marginLeft="10dip" />
</LinearLayout>

3、自定义ListView的适配器

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
	private int resourceId;
	//重写了父类的一组构造函数，用于将上下文、ListView 子项布局的 id 和数据都传递进来
	public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
		super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
		resourceId = textViewResourceId;
	}
	//这个方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候会被调用
	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
		View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
		ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
		TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
		fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
		fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
		return view;
	}
}

4、使用

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
		FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
		ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);
	}
}

三、提升ListView的运行效率

1、因为在 FruitAdapter的 getView()方法中每次都将布局重新加载了一遍，当 ListView 快速滚动的时候这就会成为性能的瓶颈。getView()方法中还有一个 convertView 参数，这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存，以便之后可以进行重用。

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
	//...
	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
		View view;
		if (convertView == null) { //如果 convertView 为空，则使用LayoutInflater 去加载布局
			view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
		} else { //如果不为空则直接对 convertView 进行重用。
			view = convertView;
		}
		ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
		TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
		fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
		fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
		return view;
	}
}

2、每次在 getView()方法中还是会调用 View的 findViewById()方法来获取一次控件的实例。我们可以借助一个 ViewHolder 来对这部分性能进行优化。

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
	//...
	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
		View view;
		ViewHolder viewHolder;
		if (convertView == null) {
			view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
			viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
			viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
			viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
			view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
		} else {
			view = convertView;
			viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder
		}
		viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
		viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
		return view;
	}
	class ViewHolder {
		ImageView fruitImage;
		TextView fruitName;
	}
}

四、ListView的点击事件

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		initFruits();
		FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
		ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);
		//*************点击事件*************
		listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
				Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
		});
		//*************点击事件*************
	}
	//...
}

《第一行代码–Android》第四章UI的读书笔记。4-5ListView