一、ListView的简单用法
XML:
activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
</ListView>
</LinearLayout>
JAVA:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private String[] data = { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon","Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" };
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data); // 上下文,子项布局ID,数据
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
// data --> Adapter --> ListView
二、定制ListView的界面
步骤:
1、自定义ListView 适配器的适配类型。
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
}
2、自定义ListView子项的布局
//fruit_item.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dip" />
</LinearLayout>
3、自定义ListView的适配器
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
//重写了父类的一组构造函数,用于将上下文、ListView 子项布局的 id 和数据都传递进来
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
resourceId = textViewResourceId;
}
//这个方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候会被调用
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
4、使用
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
三、提升ListView的运行效率
1、因为在 FruitAdapter的 getView()方法中每次都将布局重新加载了一遍,当 ListView 快速滚动的时候这就会成为性能的瓶颈。getView()方法中还有一个 convertView 参数,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以进行重用。
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
//...
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
View view;
if (convertView == null) { //如果 convertView 为空,则使用LayoutInflater 去加载布局
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
} else { //如果不为空则直接对 convertView 进行重用。
view = convertView;
}
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
2、每次在 getView()方法中还是会调用 View的 findViewById()方法来获取一次控件的实例。我们可以借助一个 ViewHolder 来对这部分性能进行优化。
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
//...
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null) {
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
} else {
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
class ViewHolder {
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
}
四、ListView的点击事件
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
//*************点击事件*************
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//*************点击事件*************
}
//...
}
《第一行代码–Android》第四章UI的读书笔记。4-5ListView