C++ math（常用）

计算次幂的函数：

1. 以$e$为底：

double exp (double x);
float exp (float x);
long double exp (long double x);
double exp (T x);           // additional overloads for integral types

2. 求$x$的$y$次方

double pow (double base, double exponent);
float pow (float base, float exponent);
long double pow (long double base, long double exponent);
double pow (Type1 base, Type2 exponent);        // additional overloads

计算对数

1. 以$e$为底

double log (double x);
float log (float x);
long double log (long double x);
double log (T x);           // additional overloads for integral types

2. 以$10$为底

double log10 (double x);
float log10 (float x);
long double log10 (long double x);
double log10 (T x);           // additional overloads for integral types

3. 自定义底

运用对数函数的换底公式：$lo{g}_a^b=lo{g}_c^b/lo{g}_c^a$，再结合上面两个公式即可

取整函数

1. 向上取整

求大于等于该数的最小整数

double ceil (double x);
float ceil (float x);
long double ceil (long double x);
double ceil (T x);           // additional overloads for integral types

2. 向下取整

求小于等于该数的最大整数

double floor (double x);
float floor (float x);
long double floor (long double x);
double floor (T x);           // additional overloads for integral types

求绝对值函数

1. 整数

int abs(int i)  //返回整型参数i的绝对值

2. 复数：

double cabs(struct complex znum)  //返回复数znum的绝对值 

3. 双精度浮点型：

double fabs(double x) //返回双精度参数x的绝对值

4. 长整型：

long labs(long n)  //返回长整型参数n的绝对值

浮点数取模

1. 功能：计算$x/y$的余数($x,y$均为浮点数)

2. 说明：返回$x-n\ast y$，符号同$y$。$n=\lfloor \frac{x}{y}\rfloor$(向离开零的方向取整)

double fmod (double numer, double denom);
float fmod (float numer, float denom);
long double fmod (long double numer, long double denom);
double fmod (Type1 numer, Type2 denom);       // additional overloads