之前由于项目需要比较详细地学习了Spring Security的相关知识，并打算实现一个较为通用的权限管理模块。由于项目是前后端分离的，所以当认证或授权失败后不应该使用formLogin()的重定向，而是返回一个json形式的对象来提示没有授权或认证。
这时，我们可以使用AuthenticationEntryPoint对认证失败异常提供处理入口，而通过AccessDeniedHandler对用户无授权异常提供处理入口，在这里我的代码如下：
/**
* 对已认证用户无权限的处理
*/
@Component
public class JsonAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
// 提示无权限
httpServletResponse.getWriter().print(JSONObject.toJSONString(new BaseResult<String>(NO_PERMISSION, false, null)));
}
}
/**
* 对匿名用户无权限的处理
*/
@Component
public class JsonAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
@Override
public void commence(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
// 认证失败
httpServletResponse.getWriter().print(JSONObject.toJSONString(new BaseResult<String>(e.getMessage(), false, null)));
}
}
在这样的设置下，如果认证失败的话会提示具体认证失败的原因；而用户进行无权限访问的时候会返回无权限的提示。
但用不存在的用户名密码登录后会出现以下返回数据：
与我所设置的认证异常返回值不一致。
在继续讲解前，我先简单说下我当前的Spring Security配置，我是将不同的登录方式整合在一起，并模仿Spring Security中的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter实现了不同登录方式的过滤器。
设想通过邮件、短信、验证码和微信等登录方式登录（这里暂时只实现了验证码登录的模板）。
以下是配置信息：
/**
* @Author chongyahhh
* 验证码登录配置
*/
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class VerificationLoginConfig extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> {
private final VerificationAuthenticationProvider verificationAuthenticationProvider;
@Qualifier("tokenAuthenticationDetailsSource")
private AuthenticationDetailsSource<HttpServletRequest, WebAuthenticationDetails> authenticationDetailsSource;
@Override
public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
VerificationAuthenticationFilter verificationAuthenticationFilter = new VerificationAuthenticationFilter();
verificationAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationManager(http.getSharedObject((AuthenticationManager.class)));
http
.authenticationProvider(verificationAuthenticationProvider)
.addFilterAfter(verificationAuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); // 将VerificationAuthenticationFilter加到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter后面
}
}
/**
* @Author chongyahhh
* Spring Security 配置
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final AuthenticationEntryPoint jsonAuthenticationEntryPoint;
private final AccessDeniedHandler jsonAccessDeniedHandler;
private final VerificationLoginConfig verificationLoginConfig;
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.apply(verificationLoginConfig) // 用户名密码验证码登录配置导入
.and()
.exceptionHandling()
.authenticationEntryPoint(jsonAuthenticationEntryPoint) // 注册自定义认证异常入口
.accessDeniedHandler(jsonAccessDeniedHandler) // 注册自定义授权异常入口
.and()
.anonymous()
.and()
.formLogin()
.and()
.csrf().disable(); // 关闭 csrf，防止首次的 POST 请求被拦截
}
@Bean("customSecurityExpressionHandler")
public DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler webSecurityExpressionHandler(){
DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler handler = new DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler();
handler.setPermissionEvaluator(new CustomPermissionEvaluator());
return handler;
}
}
以下是实现的验证码登录过滤器，模仿UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter继承AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter实现。
/**
* @Author chongyahhh
* 验证码登录过滤器
*/
public class VerificationAuthenticationFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
private static final String USERNAME = "username";
private static final String PASSWORD = "password";
private static final String VERIFICATION_CODE = "verificationCode";
private boolean postOnly = true;
public VerificationAuthenticationFilter() {
super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(SECURITY_VERIFICATION_CODE_LOGIN, "POST"));
// 继续执行拦截器链，执行被拦截的 url 对应的接口
super.setContinueChainBeforeSuccessfulAuthentication(true);
}
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException, IOException, ServletException {
if (this.postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
}
String verificationCode = this.obtainVerificationCode(request);
System.out.println("验证中...");
String username = this.obtainUsername(request);
String password = this.obtainPassword(request);
username = (username == null) ? "" : username;
password = (password == null) ? "" : password;
username = username.trim();
VerificationAuthenticationToken authRequest = new VerificationAuthenticationToken(username, password);
//this.setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
private String obtainPassword(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(PASSWORD);
}
private String obtainUsername(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(USERNAME);
}
private String obtainVerificationCode(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(VERIFICATION_CODE);
}
private void setDetails(HttpServletRequest request, VerificationAuthenticationToken authRequest) {
authRequest.setDetails(this.authenticationDetailsSource.buildDetails(request));
}
private boolean validate(String verificationCode) {
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Object validateCode = session.getAttribute(VERIFICATION_CODE);
if(validateCode == null) {
return false;
}
// 不分区大小写
return StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase((String)validateCode, verificationCode);
}
}
其它的设置与本问题无关，就先不放出来了。
首先我们要知道，AuthenticationEntryPoint和AccessDeniedHandler是过滤器ExceptionTranslationFilter中的一部分，当ExceptionTranslationFilter捕获到之后过滤器的执行异常后，会调用AuthenticationEntryPoint和AccessDeniedHandler中的对应方法来进行异常处理。以下是对应的源码：
private void handleSpringSecurityException(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, RuntimeException exception)
throws IOException, ServletException {
if (exception instanceof AuthenticationException) { // 认证异常
...
sendStartAuthentication(request, response, chain,
(AuthenticationException) exception); // 在这里调用 AuthenticationEntryPoint 的 commence 方法
} else if (exception instanceof AccessDeniedException) { // 无权限
Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
if (authenticationTrustResolver.isAnonymous(authentication) || authenticationTrustResolver.isRememberMe(authentication)) {
...
sendStartAuthentication(
request,
response,
chain,
new InsufficientAuthenticationException(
messages.getMessage(
"ExceptionTranslationFilter.insufficientAuthentication",
"Full authentication is required to access this resource"))); // 在这里调用 AuthenticationEntryPoint 的 commence 方法
} else {
...
accessDeniedHandler.handle(request, response,
(AccessDeniedException) exception); // 在这里调用 AccessDeniedHandler 的 handle 方法
}
}
}
在ExceptionTranslationFilter抓到之后的拦截器抛出的异常后就进行以上判断：
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
try {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
logger.debug("Chain processed normally");
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Try to extract a SpringSecurityException from the stacktrace
Throwable[] causeChain = throwableAnalyzer.determineCauseChain(ex);
RuntimeException ase = (AuthenticationException) throwableAnalyzer
.getFirstThrowableOfType(AuthenticationException.class, causeChain);
if (ase == null) {
ase = (AccessDeniedException) throwableAnalyzer.getFirstThrowableOfType(
AccessDeniedException.class, causeChain);
}
if (ase != null) {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
throw new ServletException("Unable to handle the Spring Security Exception because the response is already committed.", ex);
}
// 这里进入上面的方法！！！
handleSpringSecurityException(request, response, chain, ase);
}
else {
// Rethrow ServletExceptions and RuntimeExceptions as-is
if (ex instanceof ServletException) {
throw (ServletException) ex;
}
else if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) ex;
}
// Wrap other Exceptions. This shouldn't actually happen
// as we've already covered all the possibilities for doFilter
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
综上，我们考虑拦截器链没有到达ExceptionTranslationFilter便抛出异常并结束处理；或是经过了ExceptionTranslationFilter，但之后的异常没被其抓取便处理结束。
我们首先看一下当前Security的拦截器链：
很明显可以发现，我们自定义的过滤器在ExceptionTranslationFilter之前，所以在抛出异常后，应该会处理后直接终止执行链。
由于篇幅原因，这里不具体给出debug过程，直接给出结果。
我们查看VerificationAuthenticationFilter继承的AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter中的doFilter方法：
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
// 在此处进行 url 匹配，如果不是该拦截器拦截的 url，就直接执行下一个拦截器的拦截
if (!requiresAuthentication(request, response)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Request is to process authentication");
}
Authentication authResult;
try {
// 调用我们实现的 VerificationAuthenticationFilter 中的 attemptAuthentication 方法，进行登录逻辑验证
authResult = attemptAuthentication(request, response);
if (authResult == null) {
return;
}
sessionStrategy.onAuthentication(authResult, request, response);
} catch (InternalAuthenticationServiceException failed) {
logger.error(
"An internal error occurred while trying to authenticate the user.",
failed);
unsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, failed);
return;
} catch (AuthenticationException failed) {
//
// 注意这里，如果登录失败，我们抛出的异常会在这里被抓取，然后通过 unsuccessfulAuthentication 进行处理
// 翻阅 unsuccessfulAuthentication 中的代码我们可以发现，如果我们没有设置认证失败后的重定向url，就会封装一个401的响应，也就是我们上面出现的情况
//
unsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, failed);
// 执行完成后直接中断拦截器链的执行
return;
}
// 如果登录成功就继续执行，我们设置的 continueChainBeforeSuccessfulAuthentication 为 true
if (continueChainBeforeSuccessfulAuthentication) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
successfulAuthentication(request, response, chain, authResult);
}
通过这段代码的分析，原因就一目了然了，如果我们继承AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter来实现我们的登录验证逻辑，无论该过滤器在ExceptionTranslationFilter的前面或后面，都无法顺利触发ExceptionTranslationFilter中的异常处理逻辑，因为AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter会对认证异常进行自我消化并中断拦截器链的进行，所以我们只能通过其他的Filter来封装我们的登录逻辑拦截器，如：GenericFilterBean。
综上，为了保证拦截器链能顺利到达ExceptionTranslationFilter，我们需要满足两个条件：
1、自定义的认证过滤器不能通过继承AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter实现；
2、自定义的认证过滤器应在ExceptionTranslationFilter后面：
此外，我们也可以通过实现AuthenticationFailureHandler的方式来处理认证异常。
public class JsonAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().print(JSONObject.toJSONString(new BaseResult<String>(exception.getMessage(), false, null)));
}
}
public class VerificationAuthenticationFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
private static final String USERNAME = "username";
private static final String PASSWORD = "password";
private static final String VERIFICATION_CODE = "verificationCode";
private boolean postOnly = true;
public VerificationAuthenticationFilter() {
super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(SECURITY_VERIFICATION_CODE_LOGIN, "POST"));
// 继续执行拦截器链，执行被拦截的 url 对应的接口
super.setContinueChainBeforeSuccessfulAuthentication(true);
// 设置认证失败处理入口
setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new JsonAuthenticationFailureHandler());
}
...
}
希望这篇博客能帮助到大家，谢谢观看！
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