-or/er/ess/crat/cis | 做某件事情或职业的人或物 | worker, debtor |
-acy | 表示/性质,状态,境遇 | democracy, accuracy, diplomacy |
-ance, -ence | 表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度 | importance, diligence, difference, obedience |
-ancy, -ency, | 表示/性质,状态,行为,过程 | frequency, urgency, efficiency |
-bility | 表示/动作,性质,状态 | possibility, flexibility, feasibility |
-dom | 表示/等级,领域,状态 | freedom, kingdom, wisdom |
-hood | 表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态 | childhood, manhood, falsehood |
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition | 表示/行为的过程,结果,状况 | action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction |
-ism | 表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 | socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism |
-ity | 表示/性质,状态,程度 | purity, reality, ability, calamity |
-ment | 表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 | treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument |
-ness | 表示/性质,状态,程度 | goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness |
-ship | 表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业 | hardship, membership, friendship |
-th | 表示/动作,性质,过程,状态 | depth, wealth, truth, length, growth |
-tude | 表示/性质,状态,程度 | latitude, altitude(海拔) |
-ure | 表示/行为,结果 | exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续) |
-grapy | 表示/……学,写法 | biography, calligraphy, geography |
-ic, ics | 表示/……学……法 | logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics |
-ology | 表示/……学……论 | biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) |
-nomy | 表示/……学……术 | astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) |