考虫第二十节课 写译4：救命作文功能句总结

写译高频句式

• 1）被动句：
  “英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还要警惕名词与动词之间暗的“主被动”关系。
  Eg1：如今，私家车在中国随处可见。
  
  ==Nowadays，private cars can be seen everywhere in china.==作为年轻人

• 2）含同位语句式：
  A.人——身份（即句子中的“某人”和“身份”之间构成“等号”关系）
  Eg1：作为年轻人，我们非常有必要在国内（外）上大学，从而找到好工作。
  
  英文版本1：As youngsters, it is of great necessity for us to attend college at home(abroad) in order to find a good job.
  英文版本2：It is of great necessity for us, as youngsters, to attend college at home (abroad) in order to find a good job.

  B.物——性质（即句子中“某物”和“性质”之间构成“等号关系”）
  Eg1：太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积2250平方公里。
  Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake in eastern China, covers an area of 2,250 square kilometers.

• 3)it 充当形式主语/形式宾语
  A.it 充当形式主语：it is + 被动/形容词/名词等 + 从句/to do…/doing…
  Eg1：可以预见，随着运动设施的不断完善，越来越多的人将会去体育馆健身。
  It is foreseeable that an increasing number of people will go to the gym to exercise with the continuous improvement of sports facilities.

  B.it 充当形式宾语
  Eg1：很多年轻人发现，不尊重他人，就很难受到别人的尊重。 A host of youngsters find it very difficult to be respected by others, if they don’t respect other people.
  巧妇难为无米之炊：A wise wife find it very difficult to cook without rice.

• 4）there be：（客观存在）
  Eg1：中国幅员辽阔，人口众多。
  There is a vast territory and a large population in China.

• 5)定语从句（一个从句充当定语）
  步骤：
  1.先写译出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中心名词）
  2.在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who,whose,whom,where,which,when等引导。
  Eg1：不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可以在网上观赏珍惜展品。
  A host of museums also hold exhibitions on the Internet, where people can appreciate valuable and rare exhibits.

• 6)名词从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
  that + 完整句子

  A.主语从句（一个从句充当主句的主语）
  Eg1：中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一，就不足为奇了。
  It is no wonder that China has become the most popular destinations for international students to study abroad.

  B.宾语从句（一个从句充当主句的宾语）
  Eg1：许多年轻人相信，很有必要培养各种综合能力，如团队精神。Youngsters in large numbers are convinced that it is of great necessity to cultivate a variety of comprehensive abilities, such as team spirit.

  C.表语从句（一个从句充当主句的表语）
  Eg1：一个典型的例子是，当我们搜索信息时，很多无关信息会弹出来。A typical example is that a great deal of irrelevant information will pop out when we search for information.

  D.同位语从句（从句解释某个名词，即该名词和句子内容之间为“等号”关系）
  Eg1：其他人持有不同的观点：信息爆炸也会带来很多问题。
  also 放在助动词之后，实义动词之前Other people hold a different view that information explosion will also bring a host of problems.

• 7）强调句：
  A.do/did/does 表强调，加在谓语动词前（谓语动词变原型）
  B.it is/was + 被强调部分 +that/who + 句子其他部分（去掉it is/was……that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺）
  Eg1：一个年轻人的确需要实践，因为正是实践才能达到完美。
  A youngster does need practice because it is practice that makes perfect.

• 8）半倒装：
  A.表否定概念的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序); 表否定概念的副词或短语如：never，seldom，hardly，scarely，on no account，by no means，in no case.
  Eg1：我们绝对不能忽视实践的价值。
  By no means can we ignore the value of practice.

  B.Only + 状语位于句首，主句半倒装。
  Eg1：只有当我们保持学习的动力，年轻人才能从教育中获得终身的进步。
  
  英文版本1：Youngsters can make life-long progress through education, only when we maintain the motivation of learning.
  倒装版本2：Only when we maintain our motivation of learning, can youngsters make life-long progress through education.

• 9）V.ing/V.ed 状语
  两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成V.ing或V.ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成V.ing、为被动时写成V.ed.

  Eg1：坐在电脑或者手机面前，很多学生们享受着在线学习带来的巨大便利。
  英文版本1：Sitting in front of computers or phones, a host of students are enjoying the great convenience of online learning.
  英文版本2：Enjoying the great convenience of online learning, a host of students are sitting in front of their computer and phones.

  Eg2：相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在于准时。英文版本1：When high-speed trains are compared with planes, high-speed trains have a great advantage, punctuality.
  英文版本2：Compared with planes, high-speed trains have a great advantage, punctuality.

• 10)排比结构
  Eg1：互相理解会帮助同事们消除误会，提升效率，并唤起他们对工作的热爱。
  
  Mutual trust can clear up the misunderstandings among colleagues, enhance their efficiency, and arouse their enthusiasm for work.

• 11)插入语
  Eg1：许多体育馆通过运用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量。
  
  A host of gyms, via applying modern technology of information, have improved service quality greatly.