傅里叶级数
f
(
t
)
=
a
0
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
[
a
n
c
o
s
(
n
ω
1
t
)
+
b
n
s
i
n
(
n
ω
1
t
)
]
f(t)=a_0+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{[a_ncos(n\omega_1t)+b_nsin(n\omega_1t)]}
f(t)=a0+n=1∑∞[ancos(nω1t)+bnsin(nω1t)]
其中: a 0 = 1 T 1 ∫ t 0 t 0 + T 1 f ( t ) d t a_0=\frac{1}{T_1}\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T_1}f(t)dt a0=T11∫t0t0+T1f(t)dt
a n = 2 T 1 ∫ t 0 t 0 + T 1 f ( t ) ⋅ c o s ( n ω 1 t ) d t a_n=\frac{2}{T_1}\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T_1}f(t)\cdot cos(n\omega_1t)dt an=T12∫t0t0+T1f(t)⋅cos(nω1t)dt
b n = 2 T 1 ∫ t 0 t 0 + T 1 f ( t ) ⋅ s i n ( n ω 1 t ) d t b_n=\frac{2}{T_1}\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T_1}f(t)\cdot sin(n\omega_1t)dt bn=T12∫t0t0+T1f(t)⋅sin(nω1t)dt
合并同频项: f ( t ) = A 0 + ∑ n = 1 ∞ A n s i n ( n ω 1 t + φ n ) f(t)=A_0+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{A_nsin(n\omega_1t+\varphi _n)} f(t)=A0+∑n=1∞Ansin(nω1t+φn)
其中: A 0 = a 0 , A n = a n 2 + b n 2 , φ n = a r c t a n a n b n A_0=a_0 , A_n=\sqrt{ a_n^2+b_n^2 },\varphi _n=arctan\frac{a_n}{b_n} A0=a0,An=an2+bn2,φn=arctanbnan
指数形式: f ( t ) = ∑ n = − ∞ ∞ F n ⋅ e j n ω 1 t f(t)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}{F_n\cdot e^{jn\omega_1t}} f(t)=∑n=−∞∞Fn⋅ejnω1t
其中: F n = 1 T 1 ∫ t 0 t 0 + T 1 f ( t ) e − j n ω 1 t d t = F_n=\frac{1}{T_1}\int_{t_0}^{t_0+T_1} f(t)e^{-jn\omega_1t}dt= Fn=T11∫t0t0+T1f(t)e−jnω1tdt=
1 2 ( a n − j b n ) = 1 2 a n 2 + b n 2 e j φ n , φ n = a r c t a n ( − b n a n ) \frac{1}{2}(a_n-jb_n)=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{a_n^2+b_n^2}e^{j\varphi_n},\varphi_n=arctan(-\frac{b_n}{a_n}) 21(an−jbn)=21an2+bn2ejφn,φn=arctan(−anbn)
帕塞瓦尔定理:
P
=
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
∣
F
n
∣
2
P=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}{|F_n|^2}
P=∑n=−∞∞∣Fn∣2
傅里叶变换
正变换:
F
(
j
ω
)
=
F
[
f
(
t
)
]
=
∫
−
∞
∞
f
(
t
)
e
−
j
ω
t
d
t
F(j\omega)=\mathscr{F}[f(t)]=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(t)e^{-j\omega t}dt
F(jω)=F[f(t)]=∫−∞∞f(t)e−jωtdt
逆变换:
f
(
t
)
=
F
−
1
[
F
(
j
ω
)
]
=
1
2
π
∫
−
∞
∞
F
(
j
ω
)
e
j
ω
t
d
ω
f(t)=\mathscr{F}^{-1}[F(j\omega)]=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}F(j\omega)e^{j\omega t}d\omega
f(t)=F−1[F(jω)]=2π1∫−∞∞F(jω)ejωtdω
基本信号的傅里叶变换:
信号类型 | 傅里叶变换 |
---|---|
单边指数: | e − α t ε ( t ) ← → e^{-\alpha t}\varepsilon(t)\leftarrow\rightarrow e−αtε(t)←→ 1 α + j ω \frac{1}{\alpha+j\omega} α+jω1 |
双边指数: | e − α t ( 绝 对 值 ) e^{-\alpha t(绝对值)} e−αt(绝对值) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ 2 α α 2 + ω 2 \frac{2\alpha}{\alpha^2+\omega^2} α2+ω22α |
门信号: | g τ ( t ) g_{\tau}(t) gτ(t) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ τ S a ( ω τ 2 ) \tau Sa(\frac{\omega \tau }{2}) τSa(2ωτ) |
符号函数: | s g n ( t ) sgn(t) sgn(t) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ 2 j ω \frac{2}{j\omega} jω2 |
冲激函数: | δ ( t ) \delta (t) δ(t) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ 1 1 1 |
常数1: | 1 1 1 ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ 2 π δ ( ω ) 2\pi\delta(\omega) 2πδ(ω) |
冲激偶: | δ ′ ( t ) \delta{\prime}(t) δ′(t) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ j ω {j\omega} jω |
阶跃函数: | ε ( t ) \varepsilon(t) ε(t) ← → \leftarrow\rightarrow ←→ π δ ( ω ) + 1 j ω {\pi\delta(\omega)+\frac{1}{j\omega}} πδ(ω)+jω1 |