RK3568构建Ubuntu22.04根文件系统

飘飘燃雪

已于 2024-08-05 09:46:42 修改

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文章标签：服务器运维 linux ubuntu 物联网

于 2024-08-02 16:30:29 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44849154/article/details/140873224

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构建Ubuntu22.04根文件系统

一、官网下载ubuntu-base

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/
本文章使用的是：buntu-base-22.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz
推荐一个：清华大学开源软件镜像站
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu-ports/

#解压：

```bash
mkdir ubuntu_rootfs
sudo tar -zxvf ubuntu-base-22.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz -C ubuntu22.04
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ubuntu20.04/usr/bin/ 
chmod 777 ubuntu22.04/tmp
#挂载
sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -m ubuntu22.04

#!/bin/bash

# mount   : sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -m debian11_serve/
# unmount : sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -u debian11_serve/

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
    sudo chroot ${2}
}
function umnt(){
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}proc
    sudo umount ${2}sys
    sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}dev
}
if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or bothparameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one ofthese: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full pathof rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m/media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

二、安装必备软件

apt-get update #首先更新源
apt-get upgrade #升级软件
apt-get install sudo -y
apt-get install openssh-server -y
apt-get install network-manager -y
apt-get install vim -y
apt-get install net-tools -y
apt-get install iproute2 -y
apt-get install udhcpc -y
apt install systemctl -y
apt install gcc -y
apt install make -y
apt install adb -y
apt install ethtool -y
apt install ifupdown -y
apt install htop -y
apt install iputils-ping -y
apt install -y bash-completion
apt install sudo vim udev net-tools ethtool udhcpc netplan.io iputils-ping openssh-sftp-server  ntp usbutils alsa-utils

三、解决常见问题

新建普通用户无法sudo
问题描述:无法用sudo
sudo:/usr/bin/sudo 必须属于用户 ID 0(的用户)并且设置 setuid 位
解决方法:
最终目的只有一个，想办法执行

$ chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo
$ chmod 755 /usr

解决：perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings
问题：
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_TERMINAL_VERSION = “3.3.3beta2”,
LC_TERMINAL = “iTerm2”,
LANG = “en_US.utf8”
are supported and installed on your system.

`sudo apt-get install language-pack-en-base language-pack-zh-han*`
在.bashrc的最后加上
export LC_ALL=C
source /root/.bashrc
或者/etc/profile
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"

开启 SSH，root 账号登录的方法

不建议开启，以下步骤仅供参考。
Debian 默认禁用 root SSH 密码登录（Pubkey 认证不受此限，默认启用），安装时候创建特定用户作为管理员帐号（通过 sudo 执行特权命令），启用 root 用户步骤如下：

#修改 root 密码（设置密码后可以通过控制台登录）
sudo passwd root
#修改配置文件（启用 SSH 密码登录）
sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.baksudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

找到下面相关配置：

# Authentication:#LoginGraceTime 2m#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password#StrictModes yes#MaxAuthTries 6#MaxSessions 10#PubkeyAuthentication yes# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.#AuthorizedKeysFile     .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2

#修改如下：
#补充:
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password  #允许 root 登录，但禁止使用密码认证可以配合使用 Pubkey 认证，默认 `PubkeyAuthentication yes`
#或者直接快速配置
sudo sed -i.bak "/^#PermitRootLogin/c"PermitRootLogin""yes"" /etc/ssh/sshd_config# 或者sudo sed -i.bak '/^#PermitRootLogin/c\PermitRootLogin yes' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#重启服务生效
sudo systemctl restart ssh