Linux上的网络相关的那些命令—netstat命令、ip添加删除命令、ss命令、对网卡设置别名

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netstat命令

显示网络连接：

netstat [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--program|-p]

选项	代表含义
-t	tcp协议相关
-u	udp协议相关
-w	raw socket相关
-l	处于监听状态
-a	所有状态
-n	以数字显示IP和端口；
-e	扩展格式
-p	显示相关进程及PID

常用组合：
-ant, -anu, -tnl, -unl

示例：

[root@centos ~]# netstat -ant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 192.168.44.140:22       192.168.44.1:59598      ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
[root@centos ~]# netstat -anu
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:961             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:59443           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 :::961                  :::*                               
udp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                               
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                               
[root@centos ~]# netstat -tnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
[root@centos ~]# netstat -unl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:961             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:59443           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 :::961                  :::*                               
udp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                               
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                               

显示路由表：

netstat {
   --route|-r