作者在这里介绍的这个实例是Google SDK中提供的一个蓝牙聊天程序,简单但信息量巨大,非常适合初学者学习蓝牙方面的知识。
在学习这个实例前请读者仔细阅读并理解Socket的工作原理和实现机制,作者的这篇博客中有详细的介绍:
http://blog.csdn.net/dlutbrucezhang/article/details/8577810
在 Android1.x 的时候,相关 API 非常不完善,还不能简单的使用 Bluetooth 开发,有一个开源项目可以帮助程序员使用、开发蓝牙,支持直接方法 bluetooth 协议栈。在 Android2 以后,框架提供了一些官方 API 来进行蓝牙的通信,但目前的程序也比较不完善。本文主要讨论 Android2 后的 Bluetooth 通信的 API 使用方法。
首先看聊天室的效果图:
蓝牙设备连接的过程如下图所示:
下面这张图展示的是蓝牙聊天的时序图:
接下来将贴出源码并对源码做出详细的解释说明:
BluetoothChat.java
例程的主 Activity 。 onCreate() 得到本地 BluetoothAdapter 设备,检查是否支持。 onStart() 中检查是否启用蓝牙,并请求启用,然后执行 setupChat() 。 setupChat() 中先对界面中的控件进行初始化增加点击监听器等,然创建 BluetoothChatService 对象,该对象在整个应用过程中存在,并执行蓝牙连接建立、消息发送接受等实际的行为。
import android.app.Activity;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.util.Log;import android.view.KeyEvent;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.MenuInflater;import android.view.MenuItem;import android.view.View;import android.view.Window;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;/** * This is the main Activity that displays the current chat session. */public class BluetoothChat extends Activity { // Debugging private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChat"; private static final boolean D = true; // Message types sent from the BluetoothChatService Handler public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; // Key names received from the BluetoothChatService Handler public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name"; public static final String TOAST = "toast"; // Intent request codes private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1; private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2; // Layout Views private TextView mTitle; private ListView mConversationView; private EditText mOutEditText; private Button mSendButton; // Name of the connected device private String mConnectedDeviceName = null; // Array adapter for the conversation thread private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter; // String buffer for outgoing messages private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer; // Local Bluetooth adapter private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null; // Member object for the chat services private BluetoothChatService mChatService = null; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if(D) Log.e(TAG, "+++ ON CREATE +++"); // Set up the window layout requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.main); getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE, R.layout.custom_title); // Set up the custom title mTitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title_left_text); mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name); mTitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title_right_text); // Get local Bluetooth adapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // If the adapter is null, then Bluetooth is not supported if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth is not available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); finish(); return; } } @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); if(D) Log.e(TAG, "++ ON START ++"); // If BT is not on, request that it be enabled. // setupChat() will then be called during onActivityResult if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); // Otherwise, setup the chat session } else { if (mChatService == null) setupChat(); } } @Override public synchronized void onResume() { super.onResume(); if(D) Log.e(TAG, "+ ON RESUME +"); // Performing this check in onResume() covers the case in which BT was // not enabled during onStart(), so we were paused to enable it... // onResume() will be called when ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE activity returns. if (mChatService != null) { // Only if the state is STATE_NONE, do we know that we haven't started already if (mChatService.getState() == BluetoothChatService.STATE_NONE) { // Start the Bluetooth chat services mChatService.start(); } } } private void setupChat() { Log.d(TAG, "setupChat()"); // Initialize the array adapter for the conversation thread mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.message); mConversationView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.in); mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter); // Initialize the compose field with a listener for the return key mOutEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener); // Initialize the send button with a listener that for click events mSendButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send); mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { // Send a message using content of the edit text widget TextView view = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out); String message = view.getText().toString(); sendMessage(message); } }); // Initialize the BluetoothChatService to perform bluetooth connections mChatService = new BluetoothChatService(this, mHandler); // Initialize the buffer for outgoing messages mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); } @Override public synchronized void onPause() {