The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.
a.
support staff member
b.
project team
*
c.
project sponsor
d.
project manager
A backward pass through the network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. (F)
According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means. (T)
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. # deliverable(可交付成果)
What type of estimate is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs?
a.
final
*
b.
definitive
c.
budgetary
d.
rough order of magnitude
_____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. # Scope creep
Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?
a.
Group emphasis
b.
Unit integration
*
c.
Member identity
d.
People focus
Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?
a.
Member identity
b.
Unit integration
c.
Group emphasis
*
d.
People focus
The term “_____” refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business. #operations
_____ are a means of measuring software size based on what the software does for end users. # Function points
Intangible costs can be easily measured in monetary terms. (F)
What important Scrum artifact is used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process?
a.
sprint backlog
*
b.
burndown chart
c.
WBS
d.
product backlog
Which is a disadvantage for virtual teams compared to traditional teams?
*
a.
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
b.
Increased costs for office space and support
c.
Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work
d.
Limited flexibility in team working hours
In project schedule management, the process of _____ involves deciding how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities. # estimating activity resources
_____ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose. #Systems
What is developed in the Project Integration Management knowledge area?
a.
WBS
b.
schedule management plan
*
c.
project management plan
d.
quality management
Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization. (F)
The _____ frame of the organization is the one that is usually depicted in an organizational chart. # structural
Which is true of a finish-to-finish dependency?
a.
It is a dependency in which the “from” activity must start before the “to” activity can be finished.
b.
It is a dependency in which the “from” activity cannot start until the “to” activity or successor is started.
*
c.
It is a dependency in which the “from” activity must be finished before the “to” activity can be finished.
d.
It is a dependency in which in which the “from” activity must finish before the “to” activity or successor can start.
The symbolic perspective of an organization:
a.
focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.
b.
focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
c.
views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
*
d.
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
The main purpose of the WBS is to define all of the work required to complete a project. (T)
What is a methodology and what are some methodologies other than the PMBOK Guide do organizations use as a basis for project management methodology?
A methodology describes how things should be done, and different organizations often have different ways of doing things.
PRojects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2)
Agile methodologies
Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework
Six Sigma methodologies
A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS. # lowest
The main outputs of _____ include work performance information, schedule forecasts, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates. # schedule control
In the Scrum method, during which meeting is the improvement of the product and process discussed?
a.
daily Scrum
b.
sprint review
*
c.
sprint retrospective
d.
kick-off
What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software?
a.
Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions.
b.
Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not.
c.
Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users.
*
d.
Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.
In Scrum, a(n) _____ is a useful object created by people. # artifact
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
*
a.
Organizational culture
b.
Organizational structure
c.
Line of control
d.
Chain of command
Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully?
a.
Project cost management
b.
Project time management
*
c.
Project scope management
d.
Project resource management
The _____ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work. # Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
It is important for project managers to focus on indirect costs because they can be easily controlled. (F)
What is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management?
*
a.
planning
b.
executing
c.
initiating
d.
monitoring and controlling
In the activity defining process, the project team should review the _____ and activity attributes with project stakeholders before moving on to the next step in project schedule management. # activity list
Which statement best describes the difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?
a.
An activity attribute is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule whereas an activity list is not.
b.
An activity list provides a more concrete list of milestones for a project than an activity attribute.
c.
As opposed to an activity attribute, an activity list provides resource requirements and constraints related to activities.
*
d.
An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.
Which provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format?
a.
PERT analysis
*
b.
Gantt charts
c.
Arrow diagramming method
d.
Critical path analysis
A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver. (F)
Critical chain scheduling assumes that resources multitask and maximizes multitasking. (F)
A disadvantage of using Gantt charts is that they do not provide a standard format for displaying planned project schedule information. (F)
A merge occurs when one node precedes multiple nodes. (F)
What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?
a.
state transition table
*
b.
requirements traceability matrix
c.
Gantt chart
d.
entity-attribute-value model
Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?
a.
Structural frame
*
b.
Political frame
c.
Symbolic frame
d.
Human resources frame
High-end tools in project management software have enterprise and _____ functions that summarize and combine individual project information to provide an enterprise view of all projects. # portfolio management
Describe three tools used in developing a good cost estimate.
Several tools and techniques can be used to create a cost estimate. Three of such tools are as follows:
(1) Analogous estimates: They use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project. This technique requires a good deal of expert judgment and is generally less costly than other techniques, but it is also less accurate. Analogous estimates are most reliable when the previous projects are similar in fact, not just in appearance. In addition, the groups preparing cost estimates must have the needed expertise to determine whether certain parts of the project will be more or less expensive than analogous projects.
(2) Bottom-up estimates: They involve estimating the costs of individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total. This approach is sometimes referred to as activity-based costing. The size of the individual work items and the experience of the estimators drive the accuracy of the estimates. Using smaller work items increases the accuracy of the cost estimate because the people assigned to do the work develop the cost estimate instead of someone unfamiliar with the work. The drawback with bottom-up estimates is that they are usually time-intensive and therefore expensive to develop. (3) Parametric estimating: They use project characteristics (parameters) in a mathematical model to estimate project costs. Parametric models are most reliable when the historical information used to create the model is accurate, the parameters are readily quantifiable, and the model is flexible in terms of the project’s size.
The executing process group generally requires the most resources. (T)
After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, what is the next process in project schedule management?
a.
develop the schedule.
*
b.
estimate the duration of activities.
c.
determine their dependencies.
d.
control the schedule.
When using project management software, estimates of work time should be entered only at the work package level; the rest of the WBS items are just groupings or _____ tasks. # summary
_____ is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.
What tool provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance?
a.
project charter
b.
cost management plan
c.
scope statement
*
d.
work breakdown structure
Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization. # Competitors
Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects. (T)
The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.a.support staff memberb.project team*c.project sponsord.project managerA backward pass through the network diagram determines the early start and early.
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