C++在类中重载 = 时，要返回类的引用

class complex
{
  public:
  double real, imag;
  complex() { cout << "默认构造函数" << "\n"; }
  complex(double r,double i):real(r),imag(i){ cout << "转换构造函数" << "\n"; }
  complex(complex&c)
  {
    real = c.real;
    imag = c.imag;
    cout << "复制构造函数" << "\n";
  }
  complex operator = (const complex&c);
};
complex complex::operator=(const complex&c)
{
  real = c.real;
  imag = c.imag;
  cout << "重载=" << "\n";
  return *this;
}

上面代码定义了一个复数类，重载了=，并且operator=函数的返回值是complex类。如果执行下面代码：

int main()
{
  complex s1(1, 2), s2(2,3),s3;
  （s3 = s2） = s1;
  cout << "(" << s3.real << "," << s3.imag << ")";
  system("pause");
  return 0;
}

输出将是

非但没有完成值传递，还多次调用复制构造函数，造成运算速度下降。想知道为什么是这样的输出，需要仔细分析对象的生成过程，明确哪些地方会生成对象。