c++类运算符重载

c++类运算符重载

1.1 重载()增加val值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	auto operator () (int y)
	{
		cout<<val+y<<endl;
		return val+y;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	x(2);
}

1.2 输出结果

6

2.1 重载+，相加两个对象val值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	Str operator + (Str x)
	{ 
		Str res(0);
		res.val = x.val + val;
		cout<<res.val<<endl;
		return res;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	Str y(1);
	Str z=x+y;
}

2.2 输出结果

5

3.1 重载<<，返回引用以便于使用<<连续输出，使用friend关键字能够使用私有变量val

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	friend auto& operator << (ostream& ostr, Str input)
	{
		ostr << input.val;
		return ostr;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	cout<<x<<endl;
}

3.2 输出结果

4

4.1 重载=实现复制

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	Str& operator= (const Str& input)
	{
		val = input.val;
		cout<<val<<endl;
		return *this;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	Str z(1);
	z=x;
}

4.2 输出结果

4

5.1 重载[]，第一种重载非常量，支持读写，第二种重载常量仅支持读

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	int& operator[] (int id)
	{
		return val;
	}
	int operator[] (int id) const
	{
		return val;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	cout<<x[0]<<endl;
	x[0]=1;
	cout<<x[0]<<endl;

	const Str y(9);
	cout<<y[0]<<endl;
}

5.2 输出结果

4
1
9

6.1 重载前缀++，前缀++更容易实现

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	Str& operator++()
	{
		++val;
		return *this;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	++x;
}

6.2 输出结果

7.1 重载后缀++，实现先运算再自加，不能返回自己的引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	Str operator++(int)
	{
		Str tmp(*this);
		++val;
		return tmp;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	Str y = x++;
}

7.2 输出结果

8.1 重载int

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	operator int() const
	{
		return val;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	int a=x;
	cout<<a<<endl;
}

8.2 输出结果

4

9.1 重载==、>两种重载方式均可

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Str
{
public:
	Str(int x):val(x)
	{}
	friend bool operator == (Str obj1, Str obj2)
	{
		return obj1.val==obj2.val;
	}
	bool operator > (Str obj)
	{
		return val>obj.val;
	}
private:
	int val;

};
int main()
{
	Str x(4);
	Str y(4);
	cout<<(x==4)<<endl;
	cout<<(x==y)<<endl;
	cout<<(x>y)<<endl;
}

9.2 输出结果

1
1
0