在conda环境下，安装第三方库出现：You must use Visual Studio to build a python extension on windows

解决办法：

在电脑上安装Microsoft C++ 生成工具
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/visual-cpp-build-tools/
安装后，重新执行一下pip的安装命令即可

pip install face_recognition

完整错误如下：

(Runtool) PS F:\xgs\Python\project\RunTool\face_diff> pip install face_recognition
Collecting face_recognition
  Using cached face_recognition-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting face-recognition-models>=0.3.0 (from face_recognition)
  Downloading face_recognition_models-0.3.0.tar.gz (100.1 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 100.1/100.1 MB 2.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting Click>=6.0 (from face_recognition)
  Using cached click-8.1.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.0 kB)
Collecting dlib>=19.7 (from face_recognition)
  Downloading dlib-19.24.2.tar.gz (11.8 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 11.8/11.8 MB 2.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting numpy (from face_recognition)
  Using cached numpy-1.26.3-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl.metadata (61 kB)
Collecting Pillow (from face_recognition)
  Using cached pillow-10.2.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl.metadata (9.9 kB)
Collecting colorama (from Click>=6.0->face_recognition)
  Using cached colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (25 kB)
Using cached click-8.1.7-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Using cached numpy-1.26.3-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (15.8 MB)
Using cached pillow-10.2.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (2.6 MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib, face-recognition-models
  Building wheel for dlib (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for dlib (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [73 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_ext
      <string>:125: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
      Building extension for Python 3.9.18 (main, Sep 11 2023, 14:09:26) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
      Invoking CMake setup: 'cmake C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-b0plqkrh\dlib_0de19efb45b64f6ab87b725dfaeef405\tools\python -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DI
RECTORY=C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-b0plqkrh\dlib_0de19efb45b64f6ab87b725dfaeef405\build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39 -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=D:\win\anacond
a3\envs\Runtool\python.exe -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-b0plqkrh\dlib_0de19efb45b64f6ab87b725dfaeef405\build
\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39 -A x64'
      -- Building for: NMake Makefiles
      CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:5 (message):
     
     
     
        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
     
     
        You must use Visual Studio to build a python extension on windows.  If you
        are getting this error it means you have not installed Visual C++.  Note
        that there are many flavors of Visual Studio, like Visual Studio for C#
        development.  You need to install Visual Studio for C++.
     
     
        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
     
     
     
     
      -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "D:\win\anaconda3\envs\Runtool\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "D:\win\anaconda3\envs\Runtool\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "D:\win\anaconda3\envs\Runtool\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 251, in build_wheel
          return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 404, in build_wheel
          return self._build_with_temp_dir(
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 389, in _build_with_temp_dir
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 218, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 103, in setup
          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 185, in setup
          return run_commands(dist)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 201, in run_commands
          dist.run_commands()
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 969, in run_commands
          self.run_command(cmd)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 963, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 368, in run
          self.run_command("build")
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 963, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build.py", line 131, in run
          self.run_command(cmd_name)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 963, in run_command
          super().run_command(command)
        File "C:\Users\xgs87762\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-dphgrhha\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "<string>", line 130, in run
        File "<string>", line 167, in build_extension
        File "D:\win\anaconda3\envs\Runtool\lib\subprocess.py", line 373, in check_call
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['cmake', 'C:\\Users\\xgs87762\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-b0plqkrh\\dlib_0de19efb45b64f6ab87b725dfaeef405\\tools\\p
ython', '-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=C:\\Users\\xgs87762\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-b0plqkrh\\dlib_0de19efb45b64f6ab87b725dfaeef405\\build\\lib.win-amd64-cp
ython-39', '-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=D:\\win\\anaconda3\\envs\\Runtool\\python.exe', '-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\\Users\\xgs87762\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Building wheel for face-recognition-models (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for face-recognition-models: filename=face_recognition_models-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl size=100566184 sha256=4a0d3eed4c3f486ac46f04926568b8fe251b6a65ce
5f20bd2caeb3d5af449d46
  Stored in directory: c:\users\xgs87762\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\22\a8\60\4a2aeb763d63f50190f4c4e07069a22245347eeafdb3a67551
Successfully built face-recognition-models
Failed to build dlib
ERROR: Could not build wheels for dlib, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

参考链接：

Building wheel for pycocotools (pyproject.toml) … error错误解决