1 建模建立和评估
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from IPython.display import Image
%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 6) # 设置输出图片大小
载入我们提供清洗之后的数据(clear_data.csv),大家也将原始数据载入(train.csv)
#加载数据clear_data.csv
data=pd.read_csv('clear_data.csv')
print(data.shape)
data.info()
(891, 11)
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 891 entries, 0 to 890
Data columns (total 11 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 PassengerId 891 non-null int64
1 Pclass 891 non-null int64
2 Age 891 non-null float64
3 SibSp 891 non-null int64
4 Parch 891 non-null int64
5 Fare 891 non-null float64
6 Sex_female 891 non-null int64
7 Sex_male 891 non-null int64
8 Embarked_C 891 non-null int64
9 Embarked_Q 891 non-null int64
10 Embarked_S 891 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(2), int64(9)
memory usage: 76.7 KB
#加载数据train.csv
train=pd.read_csv('train.csv')
print(train.shape)
train.info()
(891, 12)
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 891 entries, 0 to 890
Data columns (total 12 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 PassengerId 891 non-null int64
1 Survived 891 non-null int64
2 Pclass 891 non-null int64
3 Name 891 non-null object
4 Sex 891 non-null object
5 Age 714 non-null float64
6 SibSp 891 non-null int64
7 Parch 891 non-null int64
8 Ticket 891 non-null object
9 Fare 891 non-null float64
10 Cabin 204 non-null object
11 Embarked 889 non-null object
dtypes: float64(2), int64(5), object(5)
memory usage: 83.7+ KB
1.1模型搭建
下面给出sklearn的算法选择路径,供大家参考
# sklearn模型算法选择路径图
Image('sklearn.png')
切割训练集和测试集
这里使用留出法划分数据集
- 将数据集分为自变量和因变量
- 按比例切割训练集和测试集(一般测试集的比例有30%、25%、20%、15%和10%)
- 使用分层抽样
- 设置随机种子以便结果能复现
提示
- 切割数据集是为了后续能评估模型泛化能力
- sklearn中切割数据集的方法为
train_test_split
- 查看函数文档可以在jupyter noteboo里面使用
train_test_split?
后回车即可看到 - 分层和随机种子在参数里寻找
要从clear_data.csv和train.csv中提取train_test_split()所需的参数
#导入库
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X=data #数据
y=train['Survived'] #预测标签
#数据集切分
#stratify是为了保持split前类的分布,将stratify&