servlet相关操作

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-19 09:35:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-09-19 09:35:35 发布

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分类专栏： java web

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45220351/article/details/109894779

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1.获取参数context-param中的参数的值
①配置web.xml

 <!--context-param是上下文参数（它属于整个web工程)-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>username</param-name>
        <param-value>context</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!--context-param是上下文参数（它属于整个web工程)-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>password</param-name>
        <param-value>root</param-value>
    </context-param>

②创建contestServlet类继承HttpServlet类获取值

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class contextServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取web.xml中配置的上下文 参数context-param
        ServletContext context = getServletConfig().getServletContext();
        String username = context.getInitParameter("username");
        System.out.println("context-pram参数的username值是:"+username);
        System.out.println("context-pram参数的password值是："+context.getInitParameter("password"));
        //2.获取当前的工程路径，格式：/工程路径
        System.out.println("当前的工程路径:"+context.getContextPath());
        //3.获取工程部署后在服务器硬盘上的绝对路径
        System.out.println("工程部署的路径是："+context.getRealPath("/"));
    }
}

③结果
在这里插入图片描述
2.什么是servletcontext？

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
什么是servletcontext？
1.servletcontext是一个接口，他表示servlet上下文对象
2.一个web工程，只有一个servletcontext对象的实例
3.servletcontext对象是一个域对象
4.servletcontext是在web工程部署启动的时候创建，在web工程停止的时候销毁
 */
public class contextServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
//ServletContext像map一样存取数据
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取servletcontext的对象
        ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
        System.out.println("保存之前：context1获取的key1值是："+servletContext.getAttribute("key1"));
        servletContext.setAttribute("key1","value1");
        System.out.println("context中获取域数据key1的值是："+servletContext.getAttribute("key1"));
    }
}

3.Request相关API

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestAPIServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.getRequestURI() 获取请求的资源路径
        System.out.println("URL-->"+req.getRequestURI());
        //2.getRequestURL() 获取请求的统一资源定位符
        System.out.println("URL-->"+req.getRequestURL());
        //3.getRemoteHost() 获取客户端的ip地址
        System.out.println("ip地址"+req.getRemoteHost());
        //4.getHeader() 获取请求头
        System.out.println("请求头:"+req.getHeader("user-agent"));
        //5.getMethod() 获取请求的方式GET或Post
        System.out.println(req.getMethod());

结果
在这里插入图片描述
4.从form表单中获取相关参数
①form.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/07servlet_war_exploded/parameter" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
    兴趣爱好：<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="cpp">c++
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="java">java
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="js">javascript<br/>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

②parameterServlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class parameterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("--------doget---------");

        //获取请求参数
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println("用户名"+username);
        System.out.println("密码"+password);
        System.out.println("兴趣爱好"+ Arrays.asList(hobbies));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置请求体的字符集为UTF-8，从而解决post请求的中文乱码问题
        //也要在获取请求参数之前调用才有效
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        System.out.println("--------dopost---------");
        //获取请求参数
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println("用户名"+username);
        System.out.println("密码"+password);
        System.out.println("兴趣爱好"+ Arrays.asList(hobbies));
    }
}

③配置web.xml文件

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>parameterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atshangqiu.com.parameterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>parameterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/parameter</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

④结果

在这里插入图片描述

5.请求转发
①创建servlet1和servlet2，并配置web.xml

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atshangqiu.com.servlet1</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atshangqiu.com.servlet2</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

②servlet1

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class servlet1 extends HttpServlet
{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求的参数（办事的材料）查看
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("在Servlet1（柜台1）中查看参数（材料）"+username);
        //给材料盖一个章，并传递到servlet2
        req.setAttribute("key1","柜台1的章");
        //问路：Servlet2（柜台2）怎么走
        /*
        请求转发：必须要以斜杠打头，/表示地址为：http://ip:port/工程名/,映射到IDE代码的web目录
         */
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2");

        //走向servlet2
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
    }
}

③servlet2

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
请求转发的特点：
1.浏览器地址栏没有变化
2.他们是一次请求
3.他们共享Request域中的数据
4.可以转发到WEB-INF目录下
 */
public class servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取请求的参数（办事的材料）查看
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("在Servlet2（柜台2）中查看参数（材料）:"+username);
        //查看柜台1是否盖章
        Object key1 = req.getAttribute("key1");
        System.out.println("柜台1是否有盖章："+key1);
        //处理自己的业务
        System.out.println("Servlet2处理自己的业务");
    }
}

④结果
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/07servlet_war_exploded/servlet1?username=chenbin
结果如下：
在这里插入图片描述
6.response乱码问题
默认doget方法
responseIOservlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class responseIOservlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /* 方式一：
        //设置服务器字符集为UTF-8
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //通过响应头，设置浏览器也使用UTF-8字符集
        resp.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
         */
        //方式二：他会同时设置服务器和客户端都使用UTF-8字符集，还设置了响应头
        //此方法一定要在获取流对象之前调用才有效
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //要求往客户端回传字符串 数据
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.write("陈彬很帅");
    }
}

web.xml配置省略
7.请求重定向
response1

/*
请求重定向的特点
1.浏览器地址栏会发生变化
2.两次请求
3。不共享request域中的数据
4.不能访问WEB-INF喜爱的资源
5.可以访问工程 外的资源
 */
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class response1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("该域名已消失");
        /*
        方式一：

        //设置响应状态码302，表示重定向，（已搬迁）
        resp.setStatus(302);
        //设置响应头，说明新的地址在哪里
        resp.setHeader("Location","http://localhost:8080/07servlet_war_exploded/reponse2");

         */
        //方式二：
        resp.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/07servlet_war_exploded/reponse2");
    }
}

response2

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class reponse2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("reponse2.result");
    }
}

web.xml相关配置

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>response1</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atshangqiu.com.response1</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>response1</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/response1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>response2</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.atshangqiu.com.reponse2</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>response2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/reponse2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>