python----difflib文件对比模块及其应用

需要知道：
什么是difflib? 用来做什么?
difflib为python的标准库模块，无需安装。
作用时对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档，与Linux下的diff 命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。
2. 符号理解

符号	含义
‘-’	包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个。
‘+’	包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个。
’ ’	两个系列行一致
‘?’	存在增量差异
‘^’	存在差异字符

一、比较模块

比较文本：
text1 = ‘’’ 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
‘’’
text2 = ‘’’ 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
‘’’

   import difflib

text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       2. Explicit is better than implicit.
       3. Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complex is better than complicated. '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       3.   Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complicated is better than complex.
       5. Flat is better than nested.
     '''.splitlines(keepends=True)
"""
splitlines()按照行分割
返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
参数：
keepends=True 保留换行符
keepends=False 不包含换行符

"""
# 实现类似linux里面的diff命令的功能
# d = difflib.Differ()
#
# print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
# print(htmlContent)
with open('diff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlContent)  

效果如图：


运行后自动生成html文件：


差异如下：

二、应用

比较/tmp/下的两个文件
1.查看文件：

2.设计

import difflib
filename1 = '/tmp/passwdssss'
filename2 = '/tmp/passwd'

with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
    content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
	 f.write(htmlContent)

效果如图：
自动生成html文件：

差异如下：