Tic Tac Toe(井字棋)小游戏

Tic Tac Toe(井字棋)小游戏

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今天介绍的就是大家很熟悉的井字棋游戏，相信大家都玩过。但是玩这个游戏，我还真没玩过电脑。本文最精彩的地方莫过于电脑是如何落子的代码片段。
希望大家闲暇之余可以多多思考。

游戏流程图大致如下：

话不多收说，直接上代码

import random


#打印棋盘
def drawBoard(board):
    print(board[7]+'|'+board[8]+'|'+board[9])
    print('-----')
    print(board[4]+'|'+board[5]+'|'+board[6])
    print('-----')
    print(board[1]+'|'+board[2]+'|'+board[3])


#玩家选择X或O
def inputPlayerLetter():
    letter = ''
    while not(letter == 'X' or letter == 'O'):
        print('Do you want to be X or O?')
        letter = input().upper()
    if letter == 'X':
        return ['X', 'O']  #列表索引0代表的元素是玩家所选符号，列表索引1代表的元素为电脑所选字符
    else:
        return ['O', 'X']


#决定先手
def whoGoesFirst():
    if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:  #值0或1
        return 'computer'
    else:
        return 'player'


#走棋
def makeMove(board, letter, move):  #move为棋盘索引值，letter代表棋子
    board[move] = letter


#判断输赢（8种胜利可能）
def isWinner(bo, le):
    return ((bo[7] == le and bo[8] == le and bo[9] == le) or
        (bo[4] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[6] == le) or
        (bo[1] == le and bo[2] == le and bo[3] == le) or
        (bo[7] == le and bo[4] == le and bo[1] == le) or
        (bo[8] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[2] == le) or
        (bo[9] == le and bo[6] == le and bo[3] == le) or
        (bo[7] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[3] == le) or
        (bo[9] == le and bo[5] == le and bo[1] == le))


#复制游戏板的数据
def getBoardCopy(board):
    boardCopy = []
    for i in board:
        boardCopy.append(i)
    return boardCopy


#判断棋盘上的格子是否为空
def isSpaceFree(board, move):
    return board[move] == ''  #格子为空返回True


#玩家输入想要落子的格子的编号
def getPlayerMove(board):
    move = ''
    #当落子的格子编号属于（1-9）并且格子为空时退出循环
    while move not in '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'.split() or not isSpaceFree(board, int(move)):  
        print('What is your next move?(1-9)')
        move = input()
    return int(move)


#电脑随机选择落点棋子
def chooseRandomMoveFormList(board, moveList):
    possibleMoves = []
    for i in moveList:
        if isSpaceFree(board, i):
            possibleMoves.append(i)
    if len(possibleMoves) != 0:
        return random.choice(possibleMoves)
    else:
        return None


#电脑玩家
def getComputerMove(board, computerLetter):
    if computerLetter == 'X':
        playerLetter = 'O'
    else:
        playerLetter = 'X'
    for i in range(1, 10):
        boardCopy = getBoardCopy(board)
        if isSpaceFree(boardCopy, i):
            makeMove(boardCopy, computerLetter, i)
            if isWinner(boardCopy, computerLetter):
                return i
    for i in range(1, 10):
        boardCopy = getBoardCopy(board)
        if isSpaceFree(boardCopy, i):
            makeMove(boardCopy, playerLetter, i)
            if isWinner(boardCopy, playerLetter):
                return i
    '''如果电脑不能通过一步落子获胜，并且不需要阻止玩家的落子，它将会根据可用的空间，移动到角落、中间或边上的空间'''
    move = chooseRandomMoveFormList(board, [1, 3, 7, 9])  #角
    if move != None:
        return move
    if isSpaceFree(board, 5):  #中心
        return 5
    return chooseRandomMoveFormList(board, [2, 4, 6, 8])  #边


#判断棋盘是否满
def isBoardFull(board):
    for i in range(1, 10):
        if isSpaceFree(board, i):
            return False
    return True


#主函数
print('Welcome to Tic-Tac-Toe!')
while True:
    theBoard = ['']*10  #建立一个空棋盘
    playerLetter, computerLetter = inputPlayerLetter()  #inputPlayerLetter()返回值为一个含有两个元素的列表
    turn = whoGoesFirst()  #先手
    print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.')
    gameIsPlaying = True  #游戏状态码
    while gameIsPlaying:
        if turn == 'player':  #玩家回合
            drawBoard(theBoard)
            move = getPlayerMove(theBoard)
            makeMove(theBoard, playerLetter, move)
            if isWinner(theBoard, playerLetter):
                drawBoard(theBoard)
                print('Hooray!You have won the game!')
                gameIsPlaying = False
            else:
                if isBoardFull(theBoard):
                    drawBoard(theBoard)
                    print('The game is a tie!')
                    break
                else:
                    turn = 'computer'
        else:  #电脑回合
            move = getComputerMove(theBoard, computerLetter)
            makeMove(theBoard, computerLetter, move)
            if isWinner(theBoard, computerLetter):
                drawBoard(theBoard)
                print('The computer has beaten you!You lose.')
                gameIsPlaying = False
            else:
                if isBoardFull(theBoard):
                    drawBoard(theBoard)
                    print('The game is a tie!')
                    break
                else:
                    turn = 'player'
    print('Do you want to play again?(yes or no)')
    if not input().lower().startswith('y'):
        break