PAT 甲级 1044 Shopping in Mars (25 分)

题目描述

Shopping in Mars is quite a different experience. The Mars people pay by chained diamonds. Each diamond has a value (in Mars dollars M$). When making the payment, the chain can be cut at any position for only once and some of the diamonds are taken off the chain one by one. Once a diamond is off the chain, it cannot be taken back. For example, if we have a chain of 8 diamonds with values M$3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, and we must pay M$15. We may have 3 options:
Cut the chain between 4 and 6, and take off the diamonds from the position 1 to 5 (with values 3+2+1+5+4=15).
Cut before 5 or after 6, and take off the diamonds from the position 4 to 6 (with values 5+4+6=15).
Cut before 8, and take off the diamonds from the position 7 to 8 (with values 8+7=15).
Now given the chain of diamond values and the amount that a customer has to pay, you are supposed to list all the paying options for the customer.
If it is impossible to pay the exact amount, you must suggest solutions with minimum lost.

输入

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 2 numbers: N ($\le 10^5$), the total number of diamonds on the chain, and M ($\le 10^8$ ), the amount that the customer has to pay. Then the next line contains N positive numbers $D_1$ ⋯$D_N$ ($D_i\le 10^3$for all i=1,⋯,N) which are the values of the diamonds. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

输出

For each test case, print i-j in a line for each pair of i ≤ j such that Di + … + Dj = M. Note that if there are more than one solution, all the solutions must be printed in increasing order of i.
If there is no solution, output i-j for pairs of i ≤ j such that Di + … + Dj >M with (Di + … + Dj −M) minimized. Again all the solutions must be printed in increasing order of i.
It is guaranteed that the total value of diamonds is sufficient to pay the given amount.

思路

用到前缀和思想，ans[i]表示前i个数字之和，表示i-j则为ans[j]-ans[i]。因此从头遍历，first表示当前的开始，i表示当前结束，每次判断ans[i]-ans[first]是不是大于M，若大则first++，这样遍历所有即位答案。

代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int dia[100100] = { 0 };
int ans[10010] = { 0 };
int mmin = 10000000;
int main()
{
	int N;
	cin >> N;
	int M;
	cin >> M;
	for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
	{
		cin >> dia[i];
		ans[i] = ans[i - 1] + dia[i];

	}
	int flag = 0;
	int first = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
	{
		while (ans[i] - ans[first] > M)
		{
			if (ans[i] - ans[first] < mmin)
			{
				mmin = ans[i] - ans[first];
			}
			first++;
		}
		if (ans[i] - ans[first] == M)
		{
			printf("%d-%d\n", first+1, i);
			flag = 1;
		}
	}
	if (flag == 0)
	{
		first = 0;
		for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
		{
			while (ans[i] - ans[first] > mmin)
			{
				first++;
			}
			if (ans[i] - ans[first] == mmin)
			{
				printf("%d-%d\n", first + 1, i);
			}
		}
	}
}