Rayleigh Rician AWGN LoS NLoS各种信道之间的关系

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:10:57 发布

快把我骂醒

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:10:57 发布

阅读量758

点赞数

文章标签： matlab 开发语言

原文链接：https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/channel-model.html

版权

https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/channel-model.html

This page describes channel models viz. awgn,rayleigh,rician and other channel models for wimax,wlan,lte systems.

Channel refers to the path between Transmitter and Receiver whether it may be wired or wireless. Channel model refers to the mathematical modeling or mathematical equation describing the channel behavior between the Transmitter and Receiver.

There are two main types of channels viz. time invariant channel and time varying channel depending on the motion between Transmitter and Receiver. If transmitter and receiver is not moving and is fixed at one location the channel is referred as time invariant channel. The example of time invariant channel is simple cable between transmitter and receiver or fixed wimax system where both Base station and subscriber premises equipment is fixed at one location and are not moving. If transmitter and receiver or any one is moving then the channel is referred as time variant channel. The example of time varying channel is mobile wimax system or cellular system where Base station is fixed but the mobile or internet compatible devices (tablet, ipad, laptop)are moving either at vehicular speed or pedestrian speed.

There are basic channel models known as AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician which are used by communication design engineer for the purpose validating transmitter and receiver under design. For complex communication systems channel models are need to be designed to validate transmitter and receiver. Various parameters such as number of paths, delays at each path, terrain type, Doppler frequency and/or speed are considered in the design of channel model.

AWGN- the short form of Additive White Gaussian Noise, mainly applies to semi-flex or coaxial cable between transmit and receive path or applicable to space communication. It takes care of thermal noise available in the channel or generated in electronic devices at transmitter and receiver. There are matlab functions such as awgn, rand and randn used to model this type of channel. The function randn is used as to generate random numbers with normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The function rand is used to generate random numbers with uniform distribution. Following AWGN equation is popularly used by designers of communication chain.

R=awgn (T, SNR, ‘measured’ )
Here T is the transmit vector, R is the received vector with noise as per SNR in dB.

Rayleigh- This channel type is applied to channel having only non LOS paths between transmitter and receiver and no dominant or LOS path. The matlab model for this type of channel is rayleighchan.

Rician- This channel type is applied to channel having both LOS and non LOS paths between transmitter and receiver. The matlab model for this type of channel is ricianchan.

Other than the basic channel models mentioned above there are various channel models designed specific to the system as mentioned below.

SUI channel model- Designed for fixed wimax system implementation as per IEEE 802.16-2004 OFDM specifications.
ITU-T channel model as per ETSI UMTS specifications- Designed for mobile wimax system implementation as per IEEE 802.16e-2005 OFDMA specifications. Include channel coefficients for indoor, pedestrian as well as vehicular channels.
JTC channel model- For WLAN channel as per IEEE 802.11 specifications, and one proposed by Naftali Chayat. Used for 11a, 11b and 11g.
TGn channel model- For WLAN channel as per IEEE 802.11n specifications.
UWB channel model - For IEEE 802.15.3 and IEEE 802.15.4 system specifications.

There are various hardware equipments available from leading test and measurement companies such as Anritsu, Spirent communications, Agilent technologies, azimuth systems and more which emulate channel models for various wireless technologies for test and measurement purpose. These include channel emulators for wireless technologies such as wimax, WLAN, LTE, LTE-advanced, GSM, CDMA, HSPA and more. For more details visit our page on wireless channel emulators in vendors section.

本页描述了渠道模型，即。awgn、rayleigh、rician和用于wimax、wlan、lte系统的其他信道模型。

信道是指发射机和接收机之间的路径，无论它是有线的还是无线的。信道模型是指描述发射机和接收机之间的信道行为的数学建模或数学方程。

有两种主要的渠道，即。时不变信道和时变信道取决于发射机和接收机之间的运动。如果发射机和接收机不移动并且固定在一个位置，则该信道被称为时不变信道。时不变信道的例子是发射机和接收机之间的简单电缆或固定wimax系统，其中基站和用户驻地设备都固定在一个位置并且不移动。如果发射机和接收机或任何一个在移动，那么该信道被称为时变信道。时变信道的例子是移动wimax系统或蜂窝系统，其中基站是固定的，但是移动或互联网兼容设备(平板电脑、ipad、笔记本电脑)以车辆速度或行人速度移动。

存在被称为AWGN、瑞利和Rician的基本信道模型，通信设计工程师使用这些模型来验证被设计的发射机和接收机。对于复杂的通信系统，需要设计信道模型来验证发射机和接收机。在信道模型的设计中考虑了各种参数，例如路径数量、每条路径的延迟、地形类型、多普勒频率和/或速度。

AWGN-加性高斯白噪声的简称，主要适用于发射和接收路径之间的半柔性或同轴电缆或适用于空间通信。它处理信道中的热噪声或发射机和接收机中的电子设备产生的热噪声。有诸如awgn、rand和randn的matlab函数用于对这种类型的信道建模。函数randn用于生成均值为零、方差为一的正态分布随机数。函数rand用于生成均匀分布的随机数。通信链的设计者普遍使用下列AWGN方程。

R=awgn (T，SNR，“测量值”)
这里，T是发射向量，R是接收向量，噪声与SNR之比，单位为dB。

Rayleigh-这种信道类型适用于在发射机和接收机之间只有非LOS路径而没有主路径或LOS路径的信道。这种信道的matlab模型是rayleighchan。

Rician-这种信道类型适用于发射机和接收机之间具有LOS和非LOS路径的信道。这种信道的matlab模型是ricianchan。

除了上面提到的基本信道模型之外，还有下面提到的针对系统设计的各种信道模型。

1.SUI信道模型-根据IEEE 802.16-2004 OFDM规范，专为固定wimax系统实施而设计。

2.符合ETSI UMTS规范的ITU-T信道模型-设计用于符合IEEE 802.16e-2005 OFDMA规范的移动wimax系统实施。包括室内、行人以及车辆信道的信道系数。

3.JTC信道模型-用于符合IEEE 802.11规范的WLAN信道，由Naftali Chayat提出。用于11a、11b和11g。

4.TGn信道模型-用于符合IEEE 802.11n规范的WLAN信道。

5.超宽带信道模型-IEEE 802 . 15 . 3和IEEE 802.15.4系统规范。

领先的测试和测量公司提供各种硬件设备，如Anritsu、Spirent communications、Agilent technologies、azimuth systems等，这些设备模拟各种无线技术的信道模型，用于测试和测量目的。其中包括针对wimax、WLAN、LTE、LTE-advanced、GSM、CDMA、HSPA等无线技术的信道仿真器。欲了解更多详情，请访问我们在供应商部分的无线信道仿真器页面。