基于vivado实现FFT/IFFT

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前言

使用vivado2018.3实现FFT／IFFT，过程比较详细。

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一、基本过程

例化一个DDS的IP核和两个FFT的IP核分别用作FFT和IFFT变换，将DDS生成的正交信号输入到FFT，再将FFT的信号输出到IFFT中。

二、vivado配置

1.新建工程

打开vivado，界面如下

点击Open Project，进入如下页面，点击Next

编辑工程名字和保存路径，点击Next

查找所需要的板子型号（我所用的是xc7z020-1clg400c），但是后面只进行了仿真，未进行上板实验。

工程信息汇总，点击Finish，即可完成工程的新建。

工程界面如下

2.调用DDS的IP核

调用DDS的IP核，生成10MHz正弦信号

单击IP Catalog，输入dds，找到IP核后，双击

进入dds的IP核配置界面，各项选择如下：




配置完成，点击OK即可。

2.调用FFT的IP核

搜索fft，然后找到Digital Signal Processing->Transforms->FFTs目录下的Fast Fourier Transform，双击进入配置界面。

各项选择配置如下：



配置完成，点击OK即可。

三、编写Verilog程序

1.顶层文件fft.v

例化IP核，将三个模块连接起来。

点击Add Sources，弹出右侧窗口，选择Add or create design sources，点击Next

点击Create File

输入文件名称fft，点击OK

点击Finish

点击OK

点击Yes，即可完成新建。

vivado会自动生成IP核的调用方式的模板，双击相应IP核的.veo文件，可以看到Verilog版本的例化模板，可根据该模板写top文件，也就是驱动这个IP核的文件。

代码如下：

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module fft(
    input aclk,
    input aresetn,
    output [7:0] fft_real,
    output [7:0] fft_imag,
    output [7:0] ifft_real,
    output [7:0] ifft_imag
    );

    //DDS core
    wire [15:0] dds_m_data_tdata;
    wire fft_s_data_tready;
    wire dds_m_data_tvalid;
    wire dds_m_data_tlast;
    dds_compiler_0 dds_MHz (
        .aclk(aclk),
        .aresetn(aresetn),
        .m_axis_data_tdata(dds_m_data_tdata),
        .m_axis_data_tready(fft_s_data_tready),
        .m_axis_data_tvalid(dds_m_data_tvalid)
    );

    //FFT core
    wire [7:0] fft_s_config_tdata;//[0:0]FWD_INV_0
    wire fft_s_config_tready;
    wire fft_s_config_tvalid;

    wire [7:0] fft_m_status_tdata;
    wire fft_m_status_tready;
    wire fft_m_status_tvalid;

    wire [15:0] fft_m_data_tdata;
    wire fft_m_data_tlast;
    wire ifft_s_data_tready;
    wire [23:0] fft_m_data_tuser;//[11:0]XK_INDEX
    wire fft_m_data_tvalid;

    wire fft_event_frame_started;
    wire fft_event_tlast_unexpected;
    wire fft_event_tlast_missing;
    wire fft_event_status_channel_halt;
    wire fft_event_data_in_channel_halt;
    wire fft_event_data_out_channel_halt;

    wire [11:0] xk_index;
    assign xk_index = fft_m_data_tuser[11:0];
    assign fft_s_config_tdata = 8'd1;//定义FFT模块配置信息(第0位为1表示用FFT，为0表示用IFFT)
    assign fft_s_config_tvalid = 1'd1;//FFT模块配置使能，从一开始就拉高，表示已经准备好要传入的配置数据了
    xfft_0 usr_fft(
        .aclk(aclk),//Rising-edge clock
        .aresetn(aresetn),//(低有效)Active-Low synchronous clear (optional, always take priority over aclken); A minimum aresetn active pulse of two cycles is required
        //S_AXIS_DATA
        .s_axis_data_tdata(dds_m_data_tdata),//IN Carries the unprocessed sample data: XN_RE and XN_IM
        .s_axis_data_tlast(dds_m_data_tlast),//IN Asserted by the external master on the last sample of the frame
        .s_axis_data_tready(fft_s_data_tready),//OUT Used by the core to signal that it is ready to accept data
        .s_axis_data_tvalid(dds_m_data_tvalid),//IN Used by the external master to signal that it is able to provide data
        //S_AXIS_CONFIG
        .s_axis_config_tdata(fft_s_config_tdata),//IN Carries the configuration information
        .s_axis_config_tready(fft_s_config_tready),//OUT Asserted by the core to signal that it is ready to accept data
        .s_axis_config_tvalid(fft_s_config_tvalid),//IN Asserted by the external master to signal that it is able to provide data
        //M_AXIS_STATUS
        .m_axis_status_tdata(fft_m_status_tdata),
        .m_axis_status_tready(fft_m_status_tready),
        .m_axis_status_tvalid(fft_m_status_tvalid),
        //M_AXIS_DATA
        .m_axis_data_tdata(fft_m_data_tdata),//OUT Carries the processed sample data XK_RE and XK_IM
        .m_axis_data_tlast(fft_m_data_tlast),//OUT Asserted by the core on the last sample of the frame
        .m_axis_data_tready(ifft_s_data_tready),//IN Asserted by the external slave to signal that it is ready to accept data. Only present in Non-Realtime mode
        .m_axis_data_tuser(fft_m_data_tuser),//OUT Carries additional per-sample information: XK_INDEX, OVFLO and BLK_EXP
        .m_axis_data_tvalid(fft_m_data_tvalid),//OUT Asserted by the core to signal that it is able to provide status data
        //EVENTS
        .event_frame_started(fft_event_frame_started),//Asserted when the core starts to process a new frame
        .event_tlast_unexpected(fft_event_tlast_unexpected),//Asserted when the core sees s_axis_data_tlast High on a data sample that is not the last one in a frame
        .event_tlast_missing(fft_event_tlast_missing),//Asserted when s_axis_data_tlast is Low on the last data sample of a frame
        .event_status_channel_halt(fft_event_status_channel_halt),//Asserted when the core tries to write data to the Status channel and it is unable to do so
        .event_data_in_channel_halt(fft_event_data_in_channel_halt),//Asserted when the core requests data from the Data Input channel and none is available
        .event_data_out_channel_halt(fft_event_data_out_channel_halt)//Asserted when the core tries to write data to the Data Output channel and it is unable to do so
    );
    
    //IFFT core
    wire [7:0] ifft_s_config_tdata;//[0:0]FWD_INV_0
    wire ifft_s_config_tready;
    wire ifft_s_config_tvalid;

    wire [7:0] ifft_m_status_tdata;
    wire ifft_m_status_tready;
    wire ifft_m_status_tvalid;

    wire [15:0] ifft_m_data_tdata;
    wire ifft_m_data_tlast;
    wire ifft_m_data_tready;
    wire [23:0] ifft_m_data_tuser;//[11:0]XK_INDEX
    wire ifft_m_data_tvalid;

    wire ifft_event_frame_started;
    wire ifft_event_tlast_unexpected;
    wire ifft_event_tlast_missing;
    wire ifft_event_status_channel_halt;
    wire ifft_event_data_in_channel_halt;
    wire ifft_event_data_out_channel_halt;

    wire [11:0] ixk_index;
    assign ixk_index = ifft_m_data_tuser[11:0];
    assign ifft_s_config_tdata = 8'd0;//定义FFT模块配置信息(第0位为1表示用FFT)
    assign ifft_s_config_tvalid = 1'd1;//FFT模块配置使能，从一开始就拉高，表示已经准备好要传入的配置数据了
    assign ifft_m_data_tready = 1'd1;//从一开始就拉高，表示已经准备好接收IFFT模块输出的数据
    xfft_0 usr_ifft(
        .aclk(aclk),//Rising-edge clock
        .aresetn(aresetn),//(低有效)Active-Low synchronous clear (optional, always take priority over aclken); A minimum aresetn active pulse of two cycles is required
        //S_AXIS_DATA
        .s_axis_data_tdata(fft_m_data_tdata),//IN Carries the unprocessed sample data: XN_RE and XN_IM
        .s_axis_data_tlast(fft_m_data_tlast),//IN Asserted by the external master on the last sample of the frame
        .s_axis_data_tready(ifft_s_data_tready),//OUT Used by the core to signal that it is ready to accept data
        .s_axis_data_tvalid(fft_m_data_tvalid),//IN Used by the external master to signal that it is able to provide data
        //S_AXIS_CONFIG
        .s_axis_config_tdata(ifft_s_config_tdata),//IN Carries the configuration information
        .s_axis_config_tready(ifft_s_config_tready),//OUT Asserted by the core to signal that it is ready to accept data
        .s_axis_config_tvalid(ifft_s_config_tvalid),//IN Asserted by the external master to signal that it is able to provide data
        //M_AXIS_STATUS
        .m_axis_status_tdata(ifft_m_status_tdata),
        .m_axis_status_tready(ifft_m_status_tready),
        .m_axis_status_tvalid(ifft_m_status_tvalid),
        //M_AXIS_DATA
        .m_axis_data_tdata(ifft_m_data_tdata),//OUT Carries the processed sample data XK_RE and XK_IM
        .m_axis_data_tlast(ifft_m_data_tlast),//OUT Asserted by the core on the last sample of the frame
        .m_axis_data_tready(ifft_m_data_tready),//IN Asserted by the external slave to signal that it is ready to accept data. Only present in Non-Realtime mode
        .m_axis_data_tuser(ifft_m_data_tuser),//OUT Carries additional per-sample information: XK_INDEX, OVFLO and BLK_EXP
        .m_axis_data_tvalid(ifft_m_data_tvalid),//OUT Asserted by the core to signal that it is able to provide status data
        //EVENTS
        .event_frame_started(ifft_event_frame_started),//Asserted when the core starts to process a new frame
        .event_tlast_unexpected(ifft_event_tlast_unexpected),//Asserted when the core sees s_axis_data_tlast High on a data sample that is not the last one in a frame
        .event_tlast_missing(ifft_event_tlast_missing),//Asserted when s_axis_data_tlast is Low on the last data sample of a frame
        .event_status_channel_halt(ifft_event_status_channel_halt),//Asserted when the core tries to write data to the Status channel and it is unable to do so
        .event_data_in_channel_halt(ifft_event_data_in_channel_halt),//Asserted when the core requests data from the Data Input channel and none is available
        .event_data_out_channel_halt(ifft_event_data_out_channel_halt)//Asserted when the core tries to write data to the Data Output channel and it is unable to do so
    );

    //将FFT/IFFT处理完的信号传出(虚部/实部分别传出)
    assign fft_real = fft_m_data_tdata[7:0];
    assign fft_imag = fft_m_data_tdata[15:8];
    assign ifft_real = ifft_m_data_tdata[7:0];
    assign ifft_imag = ifft_m_data_tdata[15:8];

endmodule

2.仿真文件fft_tb.v

与上面步骤类似，不过在下面该步骤时，选择Add or create simulation sources

代码如下：

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module fft_tb(

    );
    reg aclk,aresetn;
    wire [7:0] fft_real,fft_imag;
    wire [7:0] ifft_real,ifft_imag;

    fft fft_test(      
        .aclk(aclk),
        .aresetn(aresetn),
        .fft_real(fft_real),
        .fft_imag(fft_imag),
        .ifft_real(ifft_real),
        .ifft_imag(ifft_imag)
    );

    initial
    begin
        aclk = 0;
        aresetn = 0;//低有效
        #30 aresetn = 1;
    end

    always #5 aclk=~aclk;//时钟频率100MHz
endmodule

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四、运行仿真

1. 运行仿真设置

在运行仿真之前需要设置仿真时间，在下图SIMULATION处右击，进入Simulation Settings

设置仿真时间为300us，点击OK即可完成设置

接下来就是进行仿真，点击Run Simulation，然后点击Run Behavioral Simulation，即可开始仿真，等待一段时间。

2. 仿真波形设置

仿真之后只会显示仿真文件中的信号，结果分析需要查看内部模块的信号。在下图中，单击fft_test即可看到内部信号，将未显示的信号选中右击，选择Add to Wave Window，这些信号即可添加进仿真波形图中。

添加完成后，再次进行仿真。

找到dds_m_data_tdata，fft_m_data_tdata，ifft_m_data_tdata信号，分别进行如下设置。
选中信号，右击，找到Waveform Style，选择Analog。

选中信号，右击，找到Radix，选择Signed decimal。

3. 结果分析

DDS产生波形，周期为100ns，即频率为10MHz。复位信号至少拉低两个时钟周期。

下图可以看到FFT输出的模拟波形尖峰处对应的index为409；那么对应的频率应该是409*100e6/4096 = 9.985e6，约为10MHz；其中100e6是采样频率为100MHz，4096是FFT点数。

可以看到下图IFFT输出的波形，可以看出图中波形周期为100ns，即频率为10MHz。