linux系统之字符设备驱动——DS18B20温度传感器

linux系统之字符设备驱动——DS18B20温度传感器

1. 原理图

2. 驱动程序

1. 驱动程序 ds18b20.c

/*
 * @Author: your name
 * @Date: 2021-02-06 19:41:29
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-02-23 21:25:00
 * @LastEditors: Please set LastEditors
 * @Description: In User Settings Edit
 * @FilePath: \3_ds18b20\ds18b20.c
 */
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>

#include "ds18b20.h"


/********************** define ******************************/
#define DEBUG_ON
#ifdef DEBUG_ON
#define DEBUG(fmt, args...) printk("[FILE = %s][FUNC = %s][LINE = %d] [" fmt "]\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##args)
#else
#define DEBUG(fmt, args...) \
	do                      \
	{                       \
	} while (0)
#endif

#define NAME "DS18B20" // 设备节点名字
struct ds18b20_dev
{
	unsigned int major;
	struct class *class; // 设备节点目录
	struct device *dev;	 // 设备
} ds18b20Device;

const int alive_5 = 5 * 32 + 5;
unsigned char temp_limit[2];
unsigned short temp[3] = {0, 85, 0};

void ds18b20_reset(void) // 复位
{
	gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
	msleep(5);
	gpio_set_value(alive_5, 0);
	udelay(700);
	gpio_set_value(alive_5, 1);
	gpio_direction_input(alive_5);
	//等待从机给主机低电平
	while (gpio_get_value(alive_5))
		;
	while (!gpio_get_value(alive_5))
		;
}
unsigned char ds18b20_read(void) // 读数据
{
	int i;
	unsigned char temp = 0xff;

	gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		gpio_set_value(alive_5, 0);
		udelay(3);
		gpio_direction_input(alive_5);
		udelay(8);
		//ds18b20 数据地位在前
		if (!gpio_get_value(alive_5))
			temp &= ~(1 << i);

		gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
		udelay(42);
	}
	gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);

	return temp;
}
void ds18b20_write(unsigned char val) // 写数据
{
	int i;
	gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		gpio_set_value(alive_5, 0);
		udelay(8);
		if ((val >> i) & 0x1)
			gpio_set_value(alive_5, 1);
		udelay(40);
		gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
		udelay(3);
	}
	gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
}
unsigned short ds18b20_read_data(void)
{
	unsigned short t_l, t_h;
	//1.先发送开始
	ds18b20_reset();
	udelay(50);
	ds18b20_write(0xcc);
	ds18b20_write(0x44);

	//2.读数据
	mdelay(10);
	ds18b20_reset();
	udelay(400);
	ds18b20_write(0xcc);
	ds18b20_write(0xbe);
	t_l = ds18b20_read();
	t_h = ds18b20_read();

	return ((t_h << 8) | (t_l & 0xff));
}

void set_accuracy(int args)
{
	mdelay(10);
	ds18b20_reset();
	ds18b20_write(0xcc);
	ds18b20_write(0x4e);
	ds18b20_write(85);
	ds18b20_write(-10);
	switch(args){
		case ACC_9:ds18b20_write(0x1f);break;
		case ACC_10:ds18b20_write(0x3f);break;
		case ACC_11:ds18b20_write(0x5f);break;
		case ACC_12:ds18b20_write(0x7f);break;
	}
}

int check_accuracy(int args)
{
	int ret = -1;
	//2.读config 数据
	ds18b20_reset();
	ds18b20_write(0xcc);
	ds18b20_write(0xbe);
	ds18b20_read(); //当前温度低字节
	ds18b20_read();//当前温度高字节
	ds18b20_read();//温度报警的上线
	ds18b20_read();//温度报警的下线
	ret = ds18b20_read();
	//printk("ret = %#x\n",ret);
	switch(args){
		case ACC_9:if(ret == 0x1f) ret = 0;break;
		case ACC_10:if(ret == 0x3f) ret = 0;break;
		case ACC_11:if(ret == 0x5f) ret = 0;break;
		case ACC_12:if(ret == 0x7f) ret = 0;break;
	}
	return (ret?-1:0);
}
int ds18b20_char_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return 0;
}
int ds18b20_char_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return 0;
}
ssize_t ds18b20_char_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *offs)
{
	int ret;
	if (size > sizeof(temp_limit))
		size = sizeof(int);
	ret = copy_from_user(temp_limit, ubuf, size);
	if (ret)
	{
		printk("copy data from user error.\n");
		return -E2BIG;
	}
	temp[1] = temp_limit[0];
	temp[2] = temp_limit[1];
	return size;
}
ssize_t ds18b20_char_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned short dat;
	dat = ds18b20_read_data();
	temp[0] = dat;
	if (size > sizeof(temp))
		size = sizeof(temp);
	ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, temp, size);
	if (ret)
	{
		printk("copy data to user error\n");
		return -EAGAIN;
	}

	return size;
}
long ds18b20_char_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long args)
{
	int ret;
	if (cmd == SET_ACCURACY)
	{
		if (args >= ACC_9 && args <= ACC_12)
			set_accuracy(args);
		ret = check_accuracy(args);
		if (ret)
		{
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
const struct file_operations fops =
	{
		.open = ds18b20_char_open,
		.release = ds18b20_char_close,
		.read = ds18b20_char_read,
		.unlocked_ioctl = ds18b20_char_ioctl,
		.write = ds18b20_char_write,
};
static int __init DS18B20_Init(void)
{
	int ret = -1;

	// 1. 注册字符设备驱动
	ds18b20Device.major = register_chrdev(ds18b20Device.major, NAME, &fops);
	if (ds18b20Device.major < 0)
	{
		DEBUG("register_chrdev faild");
		goto ERR1;
	}
	// 2. 创建设备驱动目录
	ds18b20Device.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cds18b20dev");
	if (IS_ERR(ds18b20Device.class))
	{
		DEBUG("class_create faild");
		goto ERR2;
	}
	// 3. 创建设备驱动节点
	ds18b20Device.dev = device_create(ds18b20Device.class, NULL, MKDEV(ds18b20Device.major, 0), NULL, NAME);
	if (IS_ERR(ds18b20Device.dev))
	{
		DEBUG("device_create faild");
		ret = PTR_ERR(ds18b20Device.dev);
		goto ERR3;
	}

	// 注册gpio子系统
	ret = gpio_request(alive_5, NULL);
	if (ret)
	{
		DEBUG("request alive_5 error");
		goto ERR4;
	}
	ret = gpio_direction_output(alive_5, 1);
	if (ret)
	{
		DEBUG("alive_5 direction output error");
		goto ERR5;
	}
	DEBUG("DS18B20_Init succeed");

	return 0;
ERR5:
	gpio_free(alive_5);
ERR4:
	device_destroy(ds18b20Device.class, MKDEV(ds18b20Device.major, 0));
ERR3:
	class_destroy(ds18b20Device.class);
ERR2:
	unregister_chrdev(ds18b20Device.major, NAME);
ERR1:
	return ret;
}

static void __exit DS18B20_Exit(void)
{
	gpio_free(alive_5);

	device_destroy(ds18b20Device.class, MKDEV(ds18b20Device.major, 0));
	// 3. 销毁设备驱动目录
	class_destroy(ds18b20Device.class);
	// 4. 注销字符设备驱动
	unregister_chrdev(ds18b20Device.major, NAME);

	DEBUG("DS18B20_Exit succeed");
}
module_init(DS18B20_Init);
module_exit(DS18B20_Exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2. 中间文件 ds18b20.h

/*
 * @Author: your name
 * @Date: 2021-02-06 19:41:29
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-02-23 21:25:00
 * @LastEditors: Please set LastEditors
 * @Description: In User Settings Edit
 * @FilePath: \3_ds18b20\ds18b20.h
 */
#ifndef __DS18B20_H__
#define __DS18B20_H__

#define SET_ACCURACY _IOW('k',0,int)
#define ACC_9 9
#define ACC_10 10
#define ACC_11 11
#define ACC_12 12

#endif

3. 应用程序 main.c

/*
 * @Author: your name
 * @Date: 2021-02-04 10:02:54
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-02-23 21:39:12
 * @LastEditors: Please set LastEditors
 * @Description: In User Settings Edit
 * @FilePath: \3_DS18B20\main.c
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include "ds18b20.h"

float ds18b20_really_data(unsigned short data)
{
	int sig = 0;
	float value = 0;
	
	if((data >> 11) & (0x01))
	{
		sig = -1;
		data = ~data + 1;
		data &= ~(0xF8 << 8);
	}
	else
	{
		sig = +1;
	}
	value = data * sig * 0.0625;
	return value;
}
int main(void)
{
	unsigned short data = 0;
	
	
	int fd = open("/dev/DS18B20", O_RDONLY);
	if(fd < 0)
	{
		perror("open");
		return -1;
	}
	
	ioctl(fd,SET_ACCURACY,ACC_9);	
	while(1)
	{
		read(fd,&data,sizeof(data));
		
		printf("Temperature = %.4f\r\n", ds18b20_really_data(data));
		usleep(100000);
	}

	close(fd);
	return 0;
}

3. 现象