JavaWEB——Servlet—ServletResponse—ServletRequest

Servlet

第一个HelloServlet项目

1. 创建一个空的Maven项目

  • 在Pom.xml中导入依赖
 <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
  • 删除src目录
  • 创建一个新的Model子项目**

2. Maven父子工程(Pom.xml中)

  • 父项目中有:
<modules>
        <module>Servlet01</module>
</modules>
  • 子项目中有:
 <parent>
        <artifactId>2021-0203-Servelt01</artifactId>
        <groupId>zy</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 </parent>

3. Maven环境搭建

  • 修改web.xml的头文件为最新版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

</web-app>
  • 在main下创建java和resources目录

4.编写一个Servlet程序

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("=============进入doGet方法=============");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("Hello ServletDemo!");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5. 在web.xml中编写Servlet映射————浏览器连接Web服务器,在Web服务器中注册我们写的Servlet,给浏览器一个能够访问的路径

  <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

6. 配置Tomcat

  • 注意配置项目发布路径(Deployment)——————小加号

7. 测试启动

Mapping问题
  1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello01</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello02</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 一个Servlet可以指通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 默认请求路径
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 一个Servlet可以指定后缀或者前缀
  • 注意:*前不能有项目映射路径——/
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 优先级问题
  • 先走指定的固有映射路径,若没有则会走默认处理
 <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

ServletContext

  • 作用:共享数据 初始化参数 请求转发 读取资源文件

作用一:共享数据

步骤:

  1. 创建一个web项目Servlet02
  2. 编写两个servlet程序

放置数据

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class ServletContext01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String Username = "张三";
        context.setAttribute("Username",Username);
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("==================数据已插入==================");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

读取数据

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ServletContext02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        Object username = context.getAttribute("Username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("用户名:"+username);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  • 在web.xml中编写两个Servlet映射
<servlet>
        <servlet-name>context01</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ServletContext01</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>context01</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/context01</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>context02</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ServletContext02</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>context02</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/context02</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  • 配置Tomcat,删除原来的Servlet01
  • 发布项目

作用二:获取初始化参数

  • 在web.xml中配置参数信息
    <context-param>
        <param-name>URL</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>
  • 编写Servlet程序获取参数
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class ServletGetParameter01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("URL");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("URL:"+url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  • 编写Servlet映射
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>contextgetP</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ServletGetParameter01</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>contextgetP</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/contextgetP</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

作用三:请求转发

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ServletGetReqDispatcher01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/contextgetP").forward(req,resp);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  • 记得编写servlet映射

作用四:读取资源文件

  • 1.创建一个db.properties
    • 若db.properties在resources目录下,则直接导出
    • 若db.properties在java目录下,因为Maven约定大于配置,导致资源无法被导出或生效
    • ——————解决方法:需要在子项目的Pom.xml中的build中配置resources
 <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
  • 2.编写一个Servlet程序
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ServletGetResourceAsStream01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        InputStream is = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db02.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(is);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = properties.getProperty("password");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("Username:"+username+"     password:"+pwd);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  • 3.编写servlet映射
当Web服务器接收到http的请求时,分别创建一个代表请求的对象HttpServletRequest和一个代表响应的对象HttpServletReponse

HttpServletReponse

  • 要给客户端响应一些信息,使用HttpServletReponse
1. 下载文件——创建一个新的子项目
  1. 要获取下载文件的路径
  2. 下载的文件名是啥?
  3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
  4. 获取下载文件的输入流
  5. 创建缓冲区
  6. 获取OutputStream对象
  7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
  8. 关闭流
  • 注意:配置Tomcat
  • 注意:注册Servlet
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class DownLoadDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //   1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String photoPath = "E:\\D-JAVA学习\\20210203-JavaWeb-Servlet\\HttpServlet\\src\\main\\resources\\蜡笔小新.png";
        //   2. 下载的文件名是啥?
        String fileName = photoPath.substring(photoPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+ 1);
        //   3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        //   4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(photoPath);
        //   5. 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //   6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //   7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区  使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
        while ((len = in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //   8. 关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();
}
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
2. 验证码功能
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageRandomServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().print("123456");// 1. 让浏览器2秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","2");
        // 2. 在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        // 3. 得到图片中的画笔
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        // 4. 设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.pink);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        // 5. 给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.CYAN);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        // 6. 告诉浏览器,请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jepg");
        // 7. 网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        // 8. 把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    //  生成6位的随机数
    private String makeNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(999999)+"";
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i <6-num.length() ; i++) {
            buffer.append("0");
        }
        num = buffer.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
3. 实现重定向

当客户端A访问服务器Web资源B时,B告诉A去访问Web资源C

  1. 在主页面登录
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    Username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    Password:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    <input type="submit">  <br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
  1. 编写Servlet程序实现重定向
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ResponseRedirect extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        resp.sendRedirect("/h/LoginSuccess.jsp");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  1. 配置Servlet映射
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>responseRedirect</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ResponseRedirect</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>responseRedirect</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/response</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 编写登录成功界面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆成功!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>恭喜您!登录成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>

HttpServletRequest

  • 要获取客户端传来的数据,使用HttpServletRequest
获取参数 请求转发
  1. 编写登录页面

注意:第一行用来设置中文字符集
<%@ page contentType=“text/html;charset=UTF-8” language=“java” %>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/request" method="get">
    Username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    Password:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    Hobby:
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="sing">唱歌
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="dance">跳舞
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="swim">游泳
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="play">玩耍
    <input type="submit"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
  1. 编写Servlet程序 请求转发
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class RequestDispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 设置后台字符集
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//  设置页面字符集
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
        // 带上获取的数据 请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/LoginSuccess.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  1. 编写servlet映射
   <servlet>
        <servlet-name>requestDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>RequestDispatcher</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>requestDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/request</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  1. 编写登录成功跳转的页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆成功!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>恭喜您!登录成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>

重定向和请求转发的区别

重定向resp.sendRedirect("/h/LoginSuccess.jsp");

  • URL地址栏会发生变化

请求转发req.getRequestDispatcher("/LoginSuccess.jsp").forward(req,resp);

  • URL地址栏不会发生变化
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