从0开始混沌工程（ChaosToolkit）

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-07 09:15:38 发布

LengDanRan

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-07 09:15:38 发布

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分类专栏：混沌工程文章标签：后端混沌工程 Chaostoolkit

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45744501/article/details/121766074

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本文介绍了混沌工程的概念，通过AWS的ChaosToolkit进行实验，模拟生产环境中的故障注入，以检验系统的韧性。实验涉及Flask应用、Nginx网关、守护进程等组件，通过定制实验计划和驱动程序，测试服务在进程被杀后的恢复能力。提高系统冗余性和启用监控守护进程能有效增强系统韧性。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

Start Chaos Engineering by ChaosToolkit

Chaos Engineering 意为混沌工程，是检验一个复杂系统韧性的一种技术，
通过该技术，可以以实验的方式来发现复杂系统中不足，特别是可以在生产
环境中引入各种混乱，可以观测到系统应对混乱异常的能力，进而建立我们对系统的信心。
这里以AWS开源的Chaos Engineering框架ChaosToolkit来简单体验一下如何开展一个简单的混沌工程。

代码地址

https://gitee.com/lengdanran/chaostoolkit-experiment

确定目标系统

这里，我采用的是2个简单的flask系统

DataSourceService: 模拟一个数据库服务，代表整个系统的数据源
ShowDataService: 模拟一个展示数据的前台服务
Gateway: 模拟Nginx进行请求转发
Keeper: 后台守护进程，在服务不可用的时候，自动创建新的服务进程实例

这里我会开启多个不同的进程，来模拟生产环境中的容器化集群部署，通过提高系统的冗余性来提高整个系统的可用性。同时，用Gateway将来自
客户端的请求分发到搭建的小型伪集群系统中。

编写Experiment.json实验计划

以下是ChaosToolkit官方给出的示例配置

{
    "title": "What is the impact of an expired certificate on our application chain?",
    "description": "If a certificate expires, we should gracefully deal with the issue.",
    "tags": ["tls"],
    "steady-state-hypothesis": {
        "title": "Application responds",
        "probes": [
            {
                "type": "probe",
                "name": "the-astre-service-must-be-running",
                "tolerance": true,
                "provider": {
                    "type": "python",
                    "module": "os.path",
                    "func": "exists",
                    "arguments": {
                        "path": "astre.pid"
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "type": "probe",
                "name": "the-sunset-service-must-be-running",
                "tolerance": true,
                "provider": {
                    "type": "python",
                    "module": "os.path",
                    "func": "exists",
                    "arguments": {
                        "path": "sunset.pid"
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "type": "probe",
                "name": "we-can-request-sunset",
                "tolerance": 200,
                "provider": {
                    "type": "http",
                    "timeout": 3,
                    "verify_tls": false,
                    "url": "https://localhost:8443/city/Paris"
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "method": [
        {
            "type": "action",
            "name": "swap-to-expired-cert",
            "provider": {
                "type": "process",
                "path": "cp",
                "arguments": "expired-cert.pem cert.pem"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "probe",
            "name": "read-tls-cert-expiry-date",
            "provider": {
                "type": "process",
                "path": "openssl",
                "arguments": "x509 -enddate -noout -in cert.pem"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "action",
            "name": "restart-astre-service-to-pick-up-certificate",
            "provider": {
                "type": "process",
                "path": "pkill",
                "arguments": "--echo -HUP -F astre.pid"
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "action",
            "name": "restart-sunset-service-to-pick-up-certificate",
            "provider": {
                "type": "process",
                "path": "pkill",
                "arguments": "--echo -HUP -F sunset.pid"
            },
            "pauses": {
                "after": 1
            }
        }
    ],
    "rollbacks": [
        {
            "type": "action",
            "name": "swap-to-valid-cert",
            "provider": {
                "type": "process",
                "path": "cp",
                "arguments": "valid-cert.pem cert.pem"
            }
        },
        {
            "ref": "restart-astre-service-to-pick-up-certificate"
        },
        {
            "ref": "restart-sunset-service-to-pick-up-certificate"
        }
    ]
}

pip install chaostoolkit-lib[jsonpath]

现在我们来分部分来阅读这个实验计划。

从上图中可以看出，这份配置文件需要配置的模块并不是特别多，就以下6项：

title：为此次混沌实验取一个名称
description：对此次混沌实验的基本概述
tags：标签
steady-state-hypothesis：定义稳态假说
method：定义此次实验会对系统做的一系列干扰行为，主要为action和probe这两种
rollback：混沌实验在结束后，理应将之前对系统进行的操作回滚，使得系统恢复到实验之前的状态（可选）

显而易见，以上6项配置，其实重要只有后3项

steady-state-hypothesis——定义稳态假说

在这个模块中，定义的是系统处于正常运行的稳态的参数指标，比如，在并发量达到10000QPS的时候，系统的某个接口应该返回code:200.只要在
当前条件下，接口正常响应，我们即认为系统处于正常工作状态。

这个个稳态假说由一个或者多个probe以及与其对应的容错范围组成。每次probe都要在我们给定的目标系统中寻找一个属性，并判断该属性值是否在一个合理的容错范围内。

实验使用的experiment.json文件

{
  "title": "<======System Chaos Experiment======>",
  "description": "<===Simple Chaos Experiment By ChaosToolkit===>",
  "tags": [
    "Chaostoolkit Experiment"
  ],
  "steady-state-hypothesis": {
    "title": "System State Before Experiment",
    "probes": [
      {
        "type": "probe",
        "name": "<====System GetData Interface Test====>",
        "tolerance": {
          "type": "jsonpath",
          "path": "$.data",
          "expect": "Handle the get http request method",
          "target": "body"
        },
        "provider": {
          "type": "http",
          "timeout": 20,
          "verify_tls": false,
          "url": "http://localhost:5000/getData"
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "probe",
        "name": "<====System ShowData Interface Test====>",
        "tolerance": {
          "type": "jsonpath",
          "path": "$.data",
          "expect": "Handle the get http request method",
          "target": "body"
        },
        "provider": {
          "type": "http",
          "timeout": 20,
          "verify_tls": false,
          "url": "http://localhost:5000/showData"
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "probe",
        "name": "<=====python module call=====>",
        "tolerance": "this is a test func output",
        "provider": {
          "type": "python",
          "module": "chaostkex.experiment",
          "func": "test",
          "arguments": {}
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "method": [
    {
      "type": "action",
      "name": "Kill 1 service instance of DataSourceService",
      "provider": {
        "type": "python",
        "module": "chaostkex.experiment",
        "func": "kill_services",
        "arguments": {
          "num": 1,
          "port_file_path": "E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataSourcePort.txt"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "action",
      "name": "Kill 1 service instance of ShowSourceService",
      "provider": {
        "type": "python",
        "module": "chaostkex.experiment",
        "func": "kill_services",
        "arguments": {
          "num": 1,
          "port_file_path": "E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataShowPort.txt"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "rollbacks": []
}

混沌实验工程步骤

这里系统采用的架构比较简单，DataSource服务独立于其他服务，混沌工程测试系统对外提供的接口http://127.0.0.1:5000/getData和http://127.0.0.1:5000/showData是否正常工作，请求从网关进入，经过网关分发到服务器上，并返回给调用方。

总体的实验很简单：

将DataSource和ShowData服务各杀掉一个进程，然后看系统对外开放的两个接口是否能够正常工作

编写服务驱动程序

为了使得Chaostoolkit在实验过程能够对目标系统做各种的action和probe,需要为chaostoolkit定制一个目标系统的实验驱动程序，下面是我这次的驱动程序：

import os
import platform
from chaosservices import DataSourceService, ShowDataService


def test():
    print("this is a test func output")
    return "this is a test func output"


def kill_services_by_ports(ports: list = []) -> bool:
    sysstr = platform.system()
    if (sysstr == "Windows"):
        try:
            for port in ports:
                with os.popen('netstat -ano|findstr "%d"' % int(port)) as res:
                    res = res.read().split('\n')
                result = []
                for line in res:
                    temp = [i for i in line.split(' ') if i != '']
                    if len(temp) > 4:
                        result.append({'pid': temp[4], 'address': temp[1], 'state': temp[3]})
                for r in result:
                    if int(r['pid']) == 0:
                        continue
                    os.system(command="taskkill /f /pid %d" % int(r['pid']))
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return False

        return True
    else:
        print("Other System tasks")
        for port in ports:
            command = '''kill -9 $(netstat -nlp | grep :''' + \
                      str(port) + ''' | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F"/" '{ print $1 }')'''
            os.system(command)
    return True


def get_ports(port_file_path: str) -> list:
    if port_file_path is None or os.path.exists(port_file_path) is False:
        raise FileNotFoundError
    ports = []
    with open(port_file_path, 'r') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
    for line in lines:
        if line.strip() != '':
            ports.append(line.strip())
    return list(set(ports))


def kill_services(num: int = 1, port_file_path: str = '') -> bool:
    if num < 1:
        return True
    ports = get_ports(port_file_path=port_file_path)
    cnt = min(num, len(ports))
    for i in range(0, cnt):
        kill_services_by_ports([ports[i]])
    return True


def start_datasource_service(port: int = 8080, portsfile: str = None) -> bool:
    DataSourceService.start(port=port, portsfile=portsfile)
    return True


def start_showdata_service(port: int = 8090, portsfile: str = None) -> bool:
    ShowDataService.start(port=port, portsfile=portsfile)
    return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # port_file_path = '../chaosservices/ports/dataSourcePort.txt'
    # kill_services(num=1, port_file_path=port_file_path)
    kill_services_by_ports([8080])

目标系统程序

DataSource

from typing import Dict

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
def getData() -> Dict[str, str]:
    if request.method == "GET":
        return {"data": "Handle the get http request method"}
    else:
        return {"data": "Other methods handled."}


def clear_file(portsfile=None) -> None:
    f = open(portsfile, 'w')
    f.truncate()
    f.close()


def start(host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, portsfile='./ports/dataSourcePort.txt') -> None:
    print("[Info]:\tServe on %s" % str(port))
    clear_file(portsfile=portsfile)
    with open(portsfile, "a+") as f:
        f.write(str(port) + '\n')
    app.run(host=host, port=port, debug=False)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    start(port=8080, portsfile='E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataSourcePort.txt')

ShowDataService

import requests as net_req
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

# 添加了命令行启动参数项，chaostoolkit将不会正确识别
# parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='manual to this script')
# parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="127.0.0.1")
# parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=8090)
# parser.add_argument("--portsfile", type=str, default='./ports/showPort.txt')
# args = parser.parse_args()

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/getData'


@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def show_data() -> str:
    rsp = net_req.get(url=url)
    print(rsp)
    return rsp.text


def clear_file(portsfile=None) -> None:
    f = open(portsfile, 'w')
    f.truncate()
    f.close()


def start(host='127.0.0.1', port=8090, portsfile='./ports/dataShowPort.txt') -> None:
    print("[Info]:\tServe on %s" % str(port))
    clear_file(portsfile=portsfile)
    with open(portsfile, "a+") as f:
        f.write(str(port) + '\n')
    app.run(host=host, port=port, debug=False)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    start(port=8090, portsfile='E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataShowPort.txt')

Gateway

import requests as net
import json
import sys
from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

# 数据源服务器列表
datasource = []
# 数据显示前台服务列表
datashow = []

datasource_idx = 0
datashow_idx = 0


@app.route('/getData', methods=['GET'])
def get_data() -> str:
    print('[====INFO===]:\tHandle the request from %s' % request.url)
    res = get(urls=datasource)
    return res if res != '' else 'There is no DataSourceService available.'


@app.route('/showData', methods=['GET'])
def show_data() -> str:
    print('[====INFO===]:\tHandle the request from %s' % request.url)
    res = get(urls=datashow)
    return res if res != '' else 'There is no ShowDataService available.'


def get(urls: list) -> str:
    """
    根据给定的URL列表，请求第一个可行的URL， 并返回响应结果
    :param urls: url集合
    :return: 响应字符串<code>str<code/>
    """
    for url in urls:
        try:
            rsp = net.get(url, timeout=10)
            print('[====INFO====]:\tForward this request to %s' % url)
            return rsp.text
        except Exception as e:
            print("[====EXCEPTION====]:\t%s" % e)
            continue
    return ''


def _get_configuration(file_path='./conf/gateway.json') -> None:
    """
    从配置文件中加载配置
    :param file_path:配置文件的路径，默认是 './conf/gateway.json'
    :return: None
    """
    print('[====INFO====]:\tLoad configuration from file : %s' % file_path)
    with open(file_path) as f:
        conf = json.load(f)
        global datasource, datashow
        datasource = conf["datasource"]
        datashow = conf["datashow"]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('[====INFO====]:\tLoads the configuration......')
    try:
        _get_configuration()
    except IOError as error:
        print('[====ERROR====]:\t%s' % error)
        sys.exit(-1)
    print('[====INFO====]:\tStart the Gateway...')
    app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=5000, debug=False)

Keeper

这部分程序是用来监听服务状态，如果服务不可用，可以自动地启动新的服务，使得系统正常工作

import os
import socket
import time
import DataSourceService, ShowDataService
from multiprocessing import Process


def get_ports(port_file_path: str) -> list:
    if port_file_path is None or os.path.exists(port_file_path) is False:
        raise FileNotFoundError
    ports = []
    with open(port_file_path, 'r') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
    for line in lines:
        if line.strip() != '':
            ports.append(int(line.strip()))
    return list(set(ports))


def get_available_service(port_file: str = None) -> bool:
    if port_file is None:
        return False
    ports = get_ports(port_file_path=port_file)
    for p in ports:
        if check_port_in_use(port=p):
            return True
    return False


def check_port_in_use(host='127.0.0.1', port=8080) -> bool:
    s = None
    try:
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        s.settimeout(1)
        s.connect((host, int(port)))
        return True
    except socket.error:
        return False
    finally:
        if s:
            s.close()


def creat(func, args):
    p = Process(target=func, args=args)
    p.start()


def start(port_files: list = []) -> None:
    sleep_time = 5
    while True:
        print('Start Checking...')
        # 获得每个服务对应端口列表
        port_file = port_files[0]
        # 检查是否有可用的服务实例
        if get_available_service(port_file=port_file) is False:
            # 没有可用的服务实例,创建新的实例
            print('[===INFO===]:\t创建DataSourceService实例')
            ports = get_ports(port_file_path=port_file)
            if len(ports) == 0:
                last = 8080
            else:
                last = ports[-1]
            new_p = last + 1
            DataSourceService.clear_file(portsfile=port_file)
            creat(func=DataSourceService.start, args=('127.0.0.1', new_p,port_file,))

        port_file = port_files[1]
        # 检查是否有可用的服务实例
        if get_available_service(port_file=port_file) is False:
            # 没有可用的服务实例,创建新的实例
            print('[===INFO===]:\t创建ShowDataService实例')
            ports = get_ports(port_file_path=port_file)
            if len(ports) == 0:
                last = 8090
            else:
                last = ports[-1]
            new_p = last + 1
            ShowDataService.clear_file(portsfile=port_file)
            creat(func=ShowDataService.start, args=('127.0.0.1', new_p, port_file,))

        time.sleep(sleep_time)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    start(port_files=[
        'E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataSourcePort.txt',
        'E:/desktop/chaosmodule/chaostest/ports/dataShowPort.txt'
    ])

启动实验

系统存在缺陷——Keeper守护进程没有启动

在这系统中，只是启动一个Gateway、DataSource、ShowData服务，按照正常的实验逻辑，会杀掉DataSource和ShowData服务，这样一来，系统对外提供的接口肯定会出现问题，chaostoolkit理应为我们检测出这样一个很明显系统韧性不足之处。

$ chaos run experiment.json

启动目标系统：

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

从运行结果中我们可以很明显地发现，出现了

[2021-12-06 17:31:50 CRITICAL] Steady state probe '<====System GetData Interface Test====>' is not in the given tolerance so failing this experiment

说明chaostoolkit为我们发现了系统的韧性不足，是在验证<====System GetData Interface Test====>这个阶段检测出来的

[2021-12-06 17:31:50 INFO] Experiment ended with status: deviated
[2021-12-06 17:31:50 INFO] The steady-state has deviated, a weakness may have been discovered

在我们执行chaos run命令的目录中，会生成实验生成的journal.json文件，里面包含了实验的详细报告数据。