以太网_巨帧数据包

以太网介绍

以太网是现实世界中最普遍的一种计算机网络。以太网有两类:第一类是经典以太网,第二类是交换式以太网,使用了一种称为交换机的设备连接不同的计算机。经典以太网是以太网的原始形式,运行速度从3~10 Mbps不等;而交换式以太网正是广泛应用的以太网,可运行在100、1000和10000Mbps那样的高速率,分别以快速以太网、千兆以太网和万兆以太网的形式呈现。
以太网的标准拓扑结构为总线型拓扑,但目前的快速以太网(100BASE-T、1000BASE-T标准)为了减少冲突,将能提高的网络速度和使用效率最大化,使用交换机来进行网络连接和组织。如此一来,以太网的拓扑结构就成了星型;但在逻辑上,以太网仍然使用总线型拓扑和CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection,即载波多重访问/碰撞侦测)的总线技术。

巨型帧可以在恰当的时候帮助减少网络延迟

传统以太网帧、数据包最多能够包含1500个字节,但每个数据包包括额外的数据头、校验码以及数据尾。每个帧必须被确认增加的流量及延迟将降低网络通信效率。将传统以太网帧从1500个字节提升至9000个字节能够在每个帧中封装更多的有效负载并缓解由频繁握手而导致的延迟。

什么是数据包?什么是帧?

“包”(Packet)是TCP/IP协议通信传输中的数据单位,一般也称“数据包”。有人说,局域网中传输的不是“帧”(Frame)吗?没错,但是TCP/IP协议是工作在OSI模型第三层(网络层)、第四层(传输层)上的,而帧是工作在第二层(数据链路层)。
上一层的内容由下一层的内容来传输,所以在局域网中,“包”是包含在“帧”里的。 名词解释:OSI(Open System Interconnection,开放系统互联)模型是由国际标准化组织(ISO)定义的标准,它定义了一种分层体系结构,在其中的每一层定义了针对不同通信级别的协议。
OSI模型有7层,1-7层分别是:物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层、应用层。OSI模型在逻辑上可分为两个部分:低层的1-4层关注的是原始数据的传输;高层的5-7层关注的是网络下的应用程序。

流量的统计方法,不管是广域网还是局域网流量单位换算如下 1T最大1b最小
1T=1024GB
1GB=1024MB
1MB=1024KB
1KB=1024B
1B=8b1KB=1024kb=512个汉字,1KB等于1024个字节,二字节相当于一个汉字 1KB等于512个汉字

千兆以太网传输速率1Gbps
注释:bps是数据传输速du率的常用单位。
表示为zhi: 比特/秒。
bps=bits/s=bytes/8s (1Bps每8秒传送1Byte数据)
bytes是字节的意思

MICROSOFT FOUNDATION CLASS LIBRARY : ReadIP0802 AppWizard has created this ReadIP0802 application for you. This application not only demonstrates the basics of using the Microsoft Foundation classes but is also a starting point for writing your application. This file contains a summary of what you will find in each of the files that make up your ReadIP0802 application. ReadIP0802.dsp This file (the project file) contains information at the project level and is used to build a single project or subproject. Other users can share the project (.dsp) file, but they should export the makefiles locally. ReadIP0802.h This is the main header file for the application. It includes other project specific headers (including Resource.h) and declares the CReadIP0802App application class. ReadIP0802.cpp This is the main application source file that contains the application class CReadIP0802App. ReadIP0802.rc This is a listing of all of the Microsoft Windows resources that the program uses. It includes the icons, bitmaps, and cursors that are stored in the RES subdirectory. This file can be directly edited in Microsoft Visual C++. ReadIP0802.clw This file contains information used by ClassWizard to edit existing classes or add new classes. ClassWizard also uses this file to store information needed to create and edit message maps and dialog data maps and to create prototype member functions. resReadIP0802.ico This is an icon file, which is used as the application s icon. This icon is included by the main resource file ReadIP0802.rc. resReadIP0802.rc2 This file contains resources that are not edited by Microsoft Visual C++. You should place all resources not editable by the resource editor in this file. AppWizard creates one dialog class: ReadIP0802Dlg.h, ReadIP0802Dlg.cpp - the dialog These files contain your CReadIP0802Dlg class. This class defines the behavior of your application s main dialog. The dialog s template is in ReadIP0802.rc, which can be edited in Microsoft Visual C++. Other standard files: StdAfx.h, StdAfx.cpp These files are used to build a precompiled header (PCH) file named ReadIP0802.pch and a precompiled types file named StdAfx.obj. Resource.h This is the standard header file, which defines new resource IDs. Microsoft Visual C++ reads and updates this file. Other notes: AppWizard uses "TODO:" to indicate parts of the source code you should add to or customize. If your application uses MFC in a shared DLL, and your application is in a language other than the operating system s current language, you will need to copy the corresponding localized resources MFC42XXX.DLL from the Microsoft Visual C++ CD-ROM onto the system or system32 directory, and rename it to be MFCLOC.DLL. ("XXX" stands for the language abbreviation. For example, MFC42DEU.DLL contains resources translated to German.) If you don t do this, some of the UI elements of your application will remain in the language of the operating system.
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