Recursive sequence
Farmer John likes to play mathematics games with his N cows. Recently, they are attracted by recursive sequences. In each turn, the cows would stand in a line, while John writes two positive numbers a and b on a blackboard. And then, the cows would say their identity number one by one. The first cow says the first number a and the second says the second number b. After that, the i-th cow says the sum of twice the (i-2)-th number, the (i-1)-th number, and i4. Now, you need to write a program to calculate the number of the N-th cow in order to check if John’s cows can make it right.
input
The first line of input contains an integer t, the number of test cases. t test cases follow.
Each case contains only one line with three numbers N, a and b where N,a,b < 231 as described above.
Output
For each test case, output the number of the N-th cow. This number might be very large, so you need to output it modulo 2147493647.
Sample Input
2
3 1 2
4 1 10
Sample Output
85
369
Hint
In the first case, the third number is 85 = 21十2十3^4.
In the second case, the third number is 93 = 21十1*10十3^4 and the fourth number is 369 = 2 * 10 十 93 十 4^4.
思路:
找到规律然后写出板子,然后带入算好的矩阵。规律和矩阵很难算。当然规律提示给了是:a[i+1]=2a[i-1]+a[i]+(i+1)^4, 然后表示(i+1)^4。这个用二项式展开这个就行了(其实就是算起来很难算很麻烦)。如图:
完整代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const ll MOD=2147493647ULL; //在常数后面增加一个U标识,因为是long long型的所以加一个ULL(我因为这个点WA了一次)
const int maxn=7; //不加会报一个warning,但运行时样例是对的
#define mod(x) ((x)%MOD)
struct mat
{
ll m[maxn][maxn];
}unit;
mat operator *(mat a,mat b)
{
mat ret;
ll x;
for(int i=0;i<maxn;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<maxn;j++)
{
x=0;
for(int k=0;k<maxn;k++)
{
x+=mod((ll)a.m[i][k]*b.m[k][j]);
}
ret.m[i][j]=mod(x);
}
}
return ret;
}
void init_unit()
{
for(int i=0;i<maxn;i++)
{
unit.m[i][i]=1;
}
return ;
}
mat pow_mat(mat a,ll n)
{
mat ret=unit;
while(n)
{
if(n&1)
{
ret=ret*a;
}
a=a*a;
n>>=1;
}
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int t;
cin>>t;
init_unit();
ll A,B,n;
while(t--)
{
cin>>n>>A>>B;
if(n==1)
{
cout<<A<<endl;
}
else if(n==2)
{
cout<<B<<endl;
}
else
{
mat a,b;
b.m[0][0]=1;b.m[0][1]=1;b.m[0][2]=0;b.m[0][3]=0;b.m[0][4]=0;b.m[0][5]=0;b.m[0][6]=0;
b.m[1][0]=2;b.m[1][1]=0;b.m[1][2]=0;b.m[1][3]=0;b.m[1][4]=0;b.m[1][5]=0;b.m[1][6]=0;
b.m[2][0]=1;b.m[2][1]=0;b.m[2][2]=1;b.m[2][3]=0;b.m[2][4]=0;b.m[2][5]=0;b.m[2][6]=0;
b.m[3][0]=4;b.m[3][1]=0;b.m[3][2]=4;b.m[3][3]=1;b.m[3][4]=0;b.m[3][5]=0;b.m[3][6]=0;
b.m[4][0]=6;b.m[4][1]=0;b.m[4][2]=6;b.m[4][3]=3;b.m[4][4]=1;b.m[4][5]=0;b.m[4][6]=0;
b.m[5][0]=4;b.m[5][1]=0;b.m[5][2]=4;b.m[5][3]=3;b.m[5][4]=2;b.m[5][5]=1;b.m[5][6]=0;
b.m[6][0]=1;b.m[6][1]=0;b.m[6][2]=1;b.m[6][3]=1;b.m[6][4]=1;b.m[6][5]=1;b.m[6][6]=1;
a.m[0][0]=B;a.m[0][1]=A;a.m[0][2]=16;a.m[0][3]=8;a.m[0][4]=4;a.m[0][5]=2;a.m[0][6]=1;
b = pow_mat(b,n-2);
a=a*b;
cout<<mod(a.m[0][0])<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
小知识:(注意)C语言中常量值默认是一个32位的有符号整型数。由于2394967295无法用32位的有符号整型数表示,所以会有报警产生,即该问题通常出现在默认型存储不够的情况下。
在常数后面增加一个U标识,如果是long或longlong类型加UL或ULL,如4286545791U进行类型强制转换,这样就不会报警了。