力扣 346. 数据流中的移动平均值 C++（利用queue维护滑动窗口）

给定一个整数数据流和一个窗口大小，根据该滑动窗口的大小，计算其所有整数的移动平均值。

示例:

MovingAverage m = new MovingAverage(3);
m.next(1) = 1
m.next(10) = (1 + 10) / 2
m.next(3) = (1 + 10 + 3) / 3
m.next(5) = (10 + 3 + 5) / 3

C++

class MovingAverage {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    queue<int> q;
    int sz = 0, pre = 0;
    MovingAverage(int size) {
        sz = size;
    }
    double next(int val) {
    //维护大小为sz的滑动窗口，每次遇到新的数据，就把新数据压入队列,再把front弹出,保证队列大小不变。
        q.push(val);
        if(q.size() > sz){
            int tmp = q.front();
            pre = pre - tmp + val;
            q.pop();
            return (double) pre / sz;
        }
        pre += val;
        return (double) pre / q.size();
    }
};

/**
 * Your MovingAverage object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MovingAverage* obj = new MovingAverage(size);
 * double param_1 = obj->next(val);
 */