Java基础知识（二十五）枚举

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-23 13:57:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-23 13:57:36 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： java 开发语言后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45986314/article/details/122667279

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一、枚举类型

1、当一个类的对象只有有限个的时候，确定的，我们就可以把这个类定义为枚举类

举例：

星期：Monday(星期一)....Sunday(星期日)

性别：Man(男)，Woman（女）

季节：Spring(春天)...winter(冬天)

时间，月份，就职状态...

2、当需要定义一组常量的时候，强烈建议使用枚举

如何定义一个枚举类？

根据JDK的版本不同，实现的方式不同

1、在JDK1.5之前，自定义一个枚举类

2、在JDK1.5之后，通过java提供了一个叫做enum的关键字创建枚举类

代码举例：

JDK１.５之前，自定义一个枚举类型：以季节为例：

public class EnumDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASON_NAME());
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASON_DESC());

    }
}

class Season{
    //2、创建Seanson的成员变量，必须把它定义为常量
    private final String SEASON_NAME;
    private final String SEASON_DESC;


    //1、需要将构造方法私有化，保证类的对象的个数是有限个的
    private Season(String SEASON_NAME,String SEASON_DESC){
        this.SEASON_NAME = SEASON_NAME;
        this.SEASON_DESC = SEASON_DESC;
    }

    //3、提供公共的静态的成员变量给外界获取枚举类的对象
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","烈日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","白雪皑皑");

    //4、只提供公共的get方法
    public String getSEASON_NAME() {
        return SEASON_NAME;
    }

    public String getSEASON_DESC() {
        return SEASON_DESC;
    }

    //5、重写toString()方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASON_NAME='" + SEASON_NAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASON_DESC='" + SEASON_DESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

运算结果：

JDK１.５之后，通过关键字enum定义枚举:

public class EnumDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season2 winter = Season2.WINTER;
        System.out.println(winter);
        //java中所有的枚举类都有一个父类：叫做Enum
        System.out.println(Season2.class.getSuperclass());
    }
}

enum Season2{
    //3、提供公共的静态的成员变量给外界获取枚举类的对象
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","烈日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");


    //2、创建Seanson的成员变量，必须把它定义为常量
    private final String SEASON_NAME;
    private final String SEASON_DESC;


    //1、需要将构造方法私有化，保证类的对象的个数是有限个的
    private Season2(String SEASON_NAME,String SEASON_DESC){
        this.SEASON_NAME = SEASON_NAME;
        this.SEASON_DESC = SEASON_DESC;
    }



    //4、只提供公共的get方法
    public String getSEASON_NAME() {
        return SEASON_NAME;
    }

    public String getSEASON_DESC() {
        return SEASON_DESC;
    }

    //5、重写toString()方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASON_NAME='" + SEASON_NAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASON_DESC='" + SEASON_DESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

运算结果：

两种区别是使用enum定义枚举省去了public static final Season以及new等修饰符和关键字

二、枚举实现接口

枚举类型可以实现接口,具体两种方法实现接口:

1、直接在枚举类实现接口中的抽象方法:

public class EnumDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season3 spring = Season3.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);// SPRING
        //所有的枚举类都有个父类，叫做Enum
        System.out.println(Season3.class.getSuperclass());
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASON_NAME()+"---"+spring.getSEASON_DESC());
        spring.show();
    }
}
interface Person{
    void show();
}
 
enum Season3 implements Person{
 
    //3、提供公共的静态的方法给外界获取枚举类中多个对象
    //将枚举相关的对象放在开头
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
    FALL("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "白雪皑皑");
 
 
    //2、创建枚举类的属性(成员遍历)，必须是作为私有常量出现
    private final String SEASON_NAME;
    private final String SEASON_DESC;
 
 
    //1、必须将构造方法私有化，这是为了保证类的对象是有限个的目的
    private Season3(String SEASON_NAME,String SEASON_DESC){
        this.SEASON_NAME = SEASON_NAME;
        this.SEASON_DESC = SEASON_DESC;
    }
 
 
    //4、提供公共的获取属性的方法
    public String getSEASON_NAME() {
        return SEASON_NAME;
    }
 
    public String getSEASON_DESC() {
        return SEASON_DESC;
    }
 
//-----直接在枚举中重写show()方法:-----
    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("好好学习天天向上");
    }
}

运算结果：

2、在每个枚举对象中实现 :

public class EnumDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season4 spring = Season4.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);// SPRING
        //所有的枚举类都有个父类，叫做Enum
        System.out.println(Season4.class.getSuperclass());
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASON_NAME()+"---"+spring.getSEASON_DESC());
        spring.show();
 
        Season4 winter = Season4.WINTER;
        winter.show();
    }
}
interface Person2{
    void show();
}
 
enum Season4 implements Person2{
 
    //4、提供公共的静态的方法给外界获取枚举类中多个对象
    //将枚举相关的对象放在开头
 
//-----在每个对象内部重写show()方法-----
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("出去春游");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("夏天吃西瓜");
        }
    },
    FALL("秋天", "秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天中秋吃月饼");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天", "白雪皑皑"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("冬天打雪仗");
        }
    };
 
 
    //2、创建枚举类的属性(成员遍历)，必须是作为私有常量出现
    private final String SEASON_NAME;
    private final String SEASON_DESC;
 
 
    //1、必须将构造方法私有化，这是为了保证类的对象是有限个的目的
    private Season4(String SEASON_NAME,String SEASON_DESC){
        this.SEASON_NAME = SEASON_NAME;
        this.SEASON_DESC = SEASON_DESC;
    }
 
 
    //4、提供公共的获取属性的方法
    public String getSEASON_NAME() {
        return SEASON_NAME;
    }
 
    public String getSEASON_DESC() {
        return SEASON_DESC;
    }
}

运算结果：