Java多线程
文章目录
1.继承Thread类
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start()开启线程
//总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行
import www.linrui.Test;
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
//run方法线程体
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
System.out.println("这是run方法for循环---" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread1 thread1 = new TestThread1();
//调用start()方法开启线程
thread1.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("这是主函数for循环---" + i);
}
}
}
1.1下载图片
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url; //保存图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名
public TestThread2(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 testThread1 = new TestThread2("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTL00AP0001NOS.jpg","1.jpg");
TestThread2 testThread2 = new TestThread2("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTM00AP0001NOS.jpg","2.jpg");
TestThread2 testThread3 = new TestThread2("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTN00AP0001NOS.jpg","3.jpg");
testThread1.start();
testThread2.start();
testThread3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
2. 实现Runnable接口(推荐使用)
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//创建线程方式二:实现runnable接口,重写run()方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类,调用start()方法,Thread也是实现runnable接口。
//推荐使用runnable接口
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable {
@Override
//run方法线程体
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
System.out.println("这是run方法for循环---" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
// Thread thread = new Thread();
// thread.start();
new Thread(testThread3).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("这是主函数for循环---" + i);
}
}
}
3.实现Callable接口(了解即可)
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* 创建线程方式三:实现Callable接口
*
* 好处
* 1.可以定义返回值
* 2.可以抛出异常
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url; //保存图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable testCallable1 = new TestCallable("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTL00AP0001NOS.jpg","1.jpg");
TestCallable testCallable2 = new TestCallable("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTM00AP0001NOS.jpg","2.jpg");
TestCallable testCallable3 = new TestCallable("http://pic-bucket.ws.126.net/photo/0001/2020-10-31/FQ939DTN00AP0001NOS.jpg","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = service.submit(testCallable1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = service.submit(testCallable2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = service.submit(testCallable3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r1.get();
boolean rs3 = r1.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
service.shutdownNow();
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
}
4.Lamda表达式
无参函数式接口
package www.lin.processandthread;
/**
* 推导Lambda表达式
*/
public class TestLambda {
//3.静态内部类
static class Mines2 implements Mine{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Mine mine = new Mines();
mine.lambda();
mine = new Mines2();
mine.lambda();
//4.局部内部类
class Mines3 implements Mine{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda3");
}
}
mine = new Mines3();
mine.lambda();
//5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
mine = new Mine() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda4");
}
};
mine.lambda();
//6.用lambda简化
mine = () ->{
System.out.println("i like lambda5");
};
mine.lambda();
}
}
//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface Mine{
void lambda();
}
//2.实现类
class Mines implements Mine{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("i like lambda");
}
}
带参函数式接口
package www.lin.processandthread;
public class TestLambda2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ilike like = null;
//1.lambda表达式简化
like = (int a,int b)->{
System.out.println("i like you-->" + a + "-->" + b);
};
//简化1.参数类型
like = (a,b) ->{
System.out.println("i like you-->" + a + "-->" + b);
};
// //简化2.简化括号
// like = a ->{
// System.out.println("i like you-->" + a);
// };
//
// //简化3.去掉花括号
// like = a ->System.out.println("i like you-->" + a);
like.like(520,521);
/**
* 总结
* 1.lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化为一行代码,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹。
* 2.表达式的前提是:接口为函数式接口(只能有一个函数)
* 3.多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号。
*/
}
}
interface Ilike{
void like(int a,int b);
}
总结:
1.lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化为一行代码,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹。
2.表达式的前提是:接口为函数式接口(只能有一个函数)
3.多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号。
5.静态代理
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//静态代理模式总结
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
//好处
// 代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//真实对象专注做自己的事情
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You(); //你要结婚
new Thread(()-> System.out.println("我爱你!")).start();
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
// WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
// weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("锐仔要结婚了,超开心!");
}
}
//代理角色,帮助结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
//代理--》真实目标角色
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry(); //真实对象
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚后,收尾款");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚前,布置现场!");
}
}
6.线程的状态
6.1线程停止
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//测试线程停止
//1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位-->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run....Thread" + i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main" + i);
if(i == 900){
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.flag = false;
System.out.println("线程停止了!");
}
}
}
}
6.2 线程休眠
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
import www.lin.gui.snakegame.Data;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
tenDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//打印当前系统时间
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //获取系统当前时间
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(date));
date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //获取系统当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if (num <= 0){
break;
}
}
}
}
6.3 线程礼让
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功,看cpu心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行!");
Thread.yield(); //礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行!");
}
}
6.4 join
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//测试join方法 可理解为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP来了" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//启动我们的线程
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if (i == 200){
thread.join(); //插队
}
System.out.println("main" + i);
}
}
}
6.5.线程的优先级
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
//主程序默认优先级
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
6.6 守护线程
示例
package www.lin.processandthread;
//测试守护线程
//上帝保佑着你
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You1 you1 = new You1();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true); //默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程...
thread.start(); //上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you1).start(); //你 用户线程启动...
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("上帝守护着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You1 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 365; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生开心地活着");
}
System.out.println("=====goodbye world=====");
}
}
7.线程同步(重难点)
并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作
线程不安全的三个例子
不安全取钱
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
//不安全取钱
//银行取钱
public class TestUnsafeBank {
public static void main(String args[]){
Account account = new Account(100,"创业基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing me = new Drawing(account,100,"我");
you.start();
me.start();
}
}
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}//创建账户
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
int nowMoney;
int drawingMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){ //判断有没有钱
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,取不了!");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//账户余额
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//手里的余额
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "的余额为" + account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱为" + nowMoney);
}
}
不安全买票
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"小明").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"小红").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNumbers = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while (flag){ // 买票
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if (ticketNumbers <= 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第" + ticketNumbers-- + "张票!");
}
}
不安全集合
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
同步方法的弊端:
方法里面需要修改的内容才需要锁,锁的太多,浪费资源
synchronized:取钱
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
//不安全取钱
//银行取钱
public class TestUnsafeBank {
public static void main(String args[]){
Account account = new Account(100,"创业基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing me = new Drawing(account,100,"我");
you.start();
me.start();
}
}
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}//创建账户
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
int nowMoney;
int drawingMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//锁的对象是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
synchronized (account){
if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){ //判断有没有钱
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,取不了!");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//账户余额
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//手里的余额
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "的余额为" + account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱为" + nowMoney);
}
}
}
synchronized:安全买票
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"小明").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"小红").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNumbers = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while (flag){ // 买票
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if (ticketNumbers <= 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第" + ticketNumbers-- + "张票!");
}
}
synchronized:安全集合
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
JUC安全集合
package www.lin.processandthread.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList; //并发包
//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
8.Lock锁
示例
package www.lin.processandthread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNumbers = 10;
//定义一个lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock(); //加锁
if (ticketNumbers > 0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNumbers--);
}else {
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
8.1synchronized与lock对比
9.线程协作
示例
package www.lin.processandthread.lock;
//测试:生产者消费者模型--> 利用缓存区解决:管程法
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了-->" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken {
int id;
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,需要等待消费者消费
if(count == chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if (count == 0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
示例
package www.lin.processandthread.lock;
//测试:生产者消费者问题: 信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i%2 == 0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者-->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品-->节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice; //表演的节目
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if (!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:" + voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll(); //通知唤醒
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if (flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了" + voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
示例
package www.lin.processandthread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TesPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
10.总结创建
package www.lin.processandthread;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
//回顾总结线程的创建
public class ThreadNew {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyThread1().start();
new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();
FutureTask<Integer> FutureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyTread3());
new Thread(FutureTask).start();
try {
Integer integer = FutureTask.get();
System.out.println(integer);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread1");
}
}
//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread2");
}
}
//3.实现Callable接口
class MyTread3 implements Callable<Integer>{
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyThread3");
return 100;
}
}