Python基础知识1

1.环境配置

安装anaconda

1.1 anaconda prompt操作

1.1.1 展示安装的包

conda list

1.1.2 安装新包

install pandas

1.2 jupyter notebook

和传统的IDEA区别

2.基础操作

2.1类型转换

2.1.1 整型转换成字符

str(8)

2.1.2 字符型转化成整型

str_eight = "8"
int_eight = int(str_eight)

2.1.3 整型转换成浮点型

float(8)

2.1.4 字符型转换成浮点型

str_eight = "8"
float(str_eight)

2.2 计算

**表示幂

2.3 list

months =[]
print(type(months))
months.append("Jan")
months.append("Feb")
print(months)

输出结果

<class 'list'>
['Jan', 'Feb']

append一个个添加元素，可以添加不同类型的值

months =[]
print(type(months))
months.append("Jan")
months.append(1)
months.append("Feb")
months.append(2)
print(months)

输出结果

<class 'list'>
['Jan', 1, 'Feb', 2]

2.4 list索引

2.4.1 [ ]

countries = []
temperatures =[]

countries.append("China")
countries.append("India")
countries.append("US")

temperatures.append(30.5)
temperatures.append(25.0)
temperatures.append(15.1)

print(countries)
print(temperatures)

a = countries[0]
print(a)

输出结果

['China', 'India', 'US']
[30.5, 25.0, 15.1]
China

2.4.2 len计算list长度

ls = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11]
print(len(ls))
print(ls[len(ls)-1])
print(ls[-1])

输出结果

8
11
11

2.4.3 切片

ls = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,23,34]

ls_1 = ls[5:9]
print(ls_1)

ls_2 =ls[6:]
print(ls_2)

输出结果

[6, 7, 11, 23]
[7, 11, 23, 34]

2.5 循环

2.5.1 for

cities =["Austin","Dallas","Houston"]
for a in cities:
    print(a)

输出结果

Austin
Dallas
Houston

2.5.2 while

i = 0
while i < 3:
    i += 1
    print(i)

输出结果

1
2
3

2.5.3 for… in range…

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

输出结果

0
1
2
3
4

2.5.4 list of list

cities =[["Austin","Dallas","Houston"],["Shanghai","Beijing","Nanjing"]]
print(cities)

for c in cities:
    print(c)

输出结果

[['Austin', 'Dallas', 'Houston'], ['Shanghai', 'Beijing', 'Nanjing']]
['Austin', 'Dallas', 'Houston']
['Shanghai', 'Beijing', 'Nanjing']

cities =[["Austin","Dallas","Houston"],["Shanghai","Beijing","Nanjing"]]
print(cities)

for c in cities:
    for j in c:
        print(j)

输出结果

[['Austin', 'Dallas', 'Houston'], ['Shanghai', 'Beijing', 'Nanjing']]
Austin
Dallas
Houston
Shanghai
Beijing
Nanjing

2.6 判断语句

不等号!=

2.7 if… else

a =-12
if a > 0:
    print(a)
else:
    print(-a)

输出结果

12

animals = ["cat","dog","rabbit"]
if "cat" in animals:
    print("cat found")

输出结果

cat found

2.8 字典

key value
写循环可以找到list1里对应在list2里的值，比如list1是姓名，list2 是分数。但是太麻烦了。

scores = {}
scores["jim"]=80
scores["sue"]=85
scores["ann"]=87
scores["mike"]=90

print(scores)
print(scores["mike"])

输出结果
注意scores的输出是有大括号的，说明是字典

{'jim': 80, 'sue': 85, 'ann': 87, 'mike': 90}
90

另一种定义字典的方法：

students = {
   "jim":80,
    "ann":87
}
print(students)

{'jim': 80, 'ann': 87}

字典的值可以修改

students = {
   "jim":80,
    "ann":87
}
print(students)

students["jim"] = 88
print(students)

students["jim"] = students["jim"] + 5
print(students)

{'jim': 80, 'ann': 87}
{'jim': 88, 'ann': 87}
{'jim': 93, 'ann': 87}

判断在不在字典中

students = {
   "jim":80,
    "ann":87
}
print("jim" in students)

True

2.9 文件处理

2.9.1 文件读取

f = open("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.csv","r")
g = f.read()
print(g)
f.close()

2.9.1 文件写

f = open("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test2.csv","w") 
#运行前该路径下没有test2.csv文件，运行完新建了test2.csv
f.write('12345')
f.write('\n')
#换行
f.write('23456')
f.close()

split切分

2.10 定义函数

def printhello():
    print("hello")
    
print(printhello())

hello
None

def add(a,b):
    print(a+b)
    
add(3,5)

8