JDBC复习

siiove

已于 2022-10-02 08:40:35 修改

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分类专栏： JavaWeb MySQL 文章标签：数据库 java servlet

于 2022-08-14 22:32:47 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46423017/article/details/126337472

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什么是jdbc?

java连接数据库！

需要jar包的支持：

java.sql
javax.sql
mysql-connection-java...（连接驱动）

实验环境搭建(SQL)

DROP TABLE `users`;


CREATE TABLE `users`(
  `id` INT PRIMARY KEY,
  `name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  `password` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
  `email` VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
  `birthday` DATE
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('1','张三','123456','zs@sina.com','2021-07-14');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('2','李四','123456','lisi@sina.com','1981-12-04');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('3','王五','123456','wangwu@sina.com','1982-12-04');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('4','赵六','123456','zhaoliu@sina.com','1987-12-05');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('5','钱七','123456','qianqi@sina.com','2021-07-19');
INSERT INTO `users` (`id`, `name`, `password`, `email`, `birthday`) VALUES('6','刘八','123456','liuba@sina.com','2021-07-19');

导入数据库依赖pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zyy</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaweb-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

idea连接数据库

jdbc固定步骤：

加载驱动
连接数据库
创建Statement
编写sql
执行sql
关闭连接

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class TestJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
        String user = "root";
        String pwd = "123456";
        try {

            //1. 加载驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 连接数据库
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);
            //3. 向数据库发送sql的对象Statement
            Statement statement = con.createStatement();

            //4.sql
            String str = "select * from users";

            //5.执行sql
            ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(str);
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println("id=" + rs.getInt("id"));
                System.out.println("name=" + rs.getString("name"));
                System.out.println("password=" + rs.getString("password"));
                System.out.println("email=" + rs.getString("email"));
                System.out.println("birthday=" + rs.getString("birthday"));
            }
            //6.关闭
            rs.close();
            statement.close();
            con.close();

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

预编译

public class Test2Jdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
        String user = "root";
        String pwd = "123456";
        try {

            //1. 加载驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 连接数据库
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

            //3.sql
            String str = "insert into users(id, name, password, email, birthday) values (?,?,?,?,?)";
            //4. 预编译
            PreparedStatement statement = con.prepareStatement(str);
            statement.setInt(1,8);
            statement.setString(2,"小红");
            statement.setString(3,"123456");
            statement.setString(4,"xiaohong@sina.com");
            statement.setDate(5,new java.sql.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));


            //5.执行sql
            int count = statement.executeUpdate();

            if (count > 0) {
                System.out.println("插入成功！");
            }
            statement.close();
            con.close();

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

JDBC事务

要么都成功，要么都失败

ACID原则：保证数据的安全

开启事务
事务提交 commit()
事务回滚 rollback()
关闭事务

转账：
A:1000
B:1000

A(900) ---100--> B(1100)

Junit单元测试

依赖

      <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
        </dependency>

简单实用

@Test注解只有在方法上有效，只要加了这个注解的方法，就可以直接运行！

import org.junit.Test;


public class Test3Jdbc {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

输出结果：

失败情况：

新建表并插入数据

CREATE TABLE `account`(
  `id` INT PRIMARY KEY,
  `name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  `money` FLOAT NOT NULL
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT INTO `account` (`id`, `name`, `money`) VALUES(1,'A',1000);
INSERT INTO `account` (`id`, `name`, `money`) VALUES(2,'B',1000);
INSERT INTO `account` (`id`, `name`, `money`) VALUES(3,'C',1000);

# 开启事务
start transaction ;

# 模拟转账

update account set money=money-100 where name='A';

update account set money=money+100 where name='B';

# 回滚
rollback ;

# 提交
commit;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;


public class Test3Jdbc {

    @Test
    public void test() {

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
        String user = "root";
        String pwd = "123456";
        Connection con = null;
        try {

            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);


            //开启事务 这里不开启事务的话异常情况就会有问题   false是开启
            con.setAutoCommit(false);

            con.prepareStatement("update account set money=money-100 where name='A'").executeUpdate();

            //制造错误
//            int i = 1 / 0;

            con.prepareStatement("update account set money=money+100 where name='B'").executeUpdate();

            con.commit();

            System.out.println("success");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("error rollback");
            if (con != null) {
                try {
                    con.rollback();
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }


        } finally {
            if (con != null) {
                try {
                    con.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}