文章目录
1、vga简介
1、基本标准
VGA（Video Graphics Array）即视频图形阵列,是IBM于1987年提出的一个使用模拟信号的电脑显示标准;
VGA最早指的是显示器640X480这种显示模式
其接口采用VGA标准输出数据的专用接口，共有15针，分成3排，每排5个孔，是显卡上应用最为广泛的接口类型，绝大多数显卡都带有此种接口。它传输红、绿、蓝模拟信号以及同步信号(水平和垂直信号);
VGA是模拟信号，只能传输视频信号。
2、对应的接口定义
3、vga的优点
分辨率高、显示速率快、颜色丰富；
成本低、结构简单、应用灵活；
显示输出 RGB 三原色信号，RGB 色彩模式是工业界的一种颜色标准。它是通过对红（R）、绿（G）、蓝（B）三个颜色通道的变化以及它们相互之间的叠加来得到各式各样的颜色。
2、vga彩条显示
2.1、原理分析
1、原理图
2、常见vga分辨率表格
3、以分辨率为640x480为例
①分辨率：640X480
②640：每一行有640个像素点；480：每一帧有480行
③@60：VGA显示器刷新频率
④时钟：行扫描总时间x场扫描总时间x刷新频率
80052560=25200000≈25.2Mhz
⑤总扫描时间=同步+显示后沿+有效数据+显示前沿
因此使用时vga的时钟需要系统时钟进行分频处理
4、工作模式：
行时序和场时序都需要同步脉冲（Sync a）、显示后沿（Back porch b）、显示时序段（Display interval c）和显示前沿（Front porch d）四部分。VGA工业标准显示模式要求：行同步，场同步都为负极性，即同步脉冲要求是负脉冲。
2.2、代码实现
1、vga信号控制模块
`define vga_640_480
`include "defin.v"
module vga_control(
input clk_50, //vga时钟
input rst_n, //复位信号
input [23:0] data_disp, //
output reg [10:0] h_addr, //数据有效显示区域行地址
output reg [10:0] v_addr, //数据有效显示区域场地址
output reg hsync, //行同步信号
output reg vsync, //场同步信号
output reg [7:0] vga_r,
output reg [7:0] vga_g,
output reg [7:0] vga_b,
output reg vga_blk,
output wire vga_clk
);
parameter H_SYNC_START = 1, // 行同步开始
H_SYNC_STOP = `H_Sync_Time, // 行同步结束
H_DATA_START = `H_Sync_Time + `H_Back_Porch + `H_Left_Borde,
H_DATA_STOP = `H_Sync_Time + `H_Back_Porch + `H_Left_Borde + `H_Data_Time,
V_SYNC_START = 1, // 场同步开始
V_SYNC_STOP = `V_Sync_Time, // 场同步结束
V_DATA_START = `V_Sync_Time + `V_Back_Porch + `V_Top_Borde,
V_DATA_STOP = `V_Sync_Time + `V_Back_Porch + `V_Top_Borde + `V_Data_Time;
reg [11:0] cnt_h; //行地址计数寄存器
wire add_h;
wire end_h;
wire cnt_h_x;
wire cnt_v_x;
reg [11:0] cnt_v; //场地址计数寄存器
wire add_v;
wire end_v;
wire clk_50M;
wire clk_25M;
//例化时钟分频模块
pll pll_inst (
.areset (~rst_n ),
.inclk0 (clk_50 ),
.c0 (clk_50M),
.c1 (clk_25M)
);
assign vga_clk = clk_25M;
//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
//- - 彩条显示部分
//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
//行地址计数
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
else if(add_h)
begin
if(end_h)
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
else
cnt_h <= cnt_h + 1'b1;
end
else
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
end
assign add_h = 1'b1;
assign end_h = add_h && cnt_h == `H_Total_Time - 1;
//场地址计数
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
cnt_v <= 12'd0;
else if(add_v)
begin
if(end_v)
cnt_v <= 12'd0;
else
cnt_v <= cnt_v + 1'b1;
end
else
cnt_v <= cnt_v;
end
assign add_v = end_h;
assign end_v = add_v && cnt_v == `V_Total_Time - 1;
//行场同步信号
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
hsync <= 1'b1;
else if(cnt_h == H_SYNC_START - 1)
hsync <= 1'b0;
else if(cnt_h == H_SYNC_STOP - 1)
hsync <= 1'b1;
else
hsync <= hsync;
end
//行场同步信号
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
vsync <= 1'b1;
else if(cnt_v == V_SYNC_START - 1)
vsync <= 1'b0;
else if(cnt_v == V_SYNC_STOP - 1)
vsync <= 1'b1;
else
vsync <= vsync;
end
//数据有效显示区域
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
h_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_h >= H_DATA_STOP)
h_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_h >= H_DATA_START)
h_addr <= cnt_h - H_DATA_START;
else
h_addr <= 11'd0;
end
//数据有效显示区域
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
v_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_v >= V_DATA_STOP)
v_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_v >= V_DATA_START)
v_addr <= cnt_v - V_DATA_START;
else
v_addr <= 11'd0;
end
//数据显示
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
begin
vga_r <= 8'd0;
vga_g <= 8'd0;
vga_b <= 8'd0;
vga_blk <= 1'b0;
end
else if(cnt_h_x && cnt_v_x)
begin
vga_r <= data_disp[23:16];
vga_g <= data_disp[15:8];
vga_b <= data_disp[7:0];
vga_blk <= 1'b1;
end
else
begin
vga_r <= 8'd0;
vga_g <= 8'd0;
vga_b <= 8'd0;
vga_blk <= 1'b0;
end
end
assign cnt_h_x = cnt_h >= H_DATA_START && cnt_h <= H_DATA_STOP;
assign cnt_v_x = cnt_v >= V_DATA_START && cnt_v <= V_DATA_STOP;
endmodule
2、数据生成模块
module data_gen(
input vga_clk, //vga时钟：25MHz
input rst_n, //复位信号
input [10:0] h_addr, //数据有效显示区域行地址
input [10:0] v_addr, //数据有效显示区域场地址)
output reg [23:0] data_disp
);
parameter BLACK = 24'h000000,
RED = 24'hFF0000,
GREEN = 24'h00FF00,
BLUE = 24'h0000FF,
YELLOW = 24'hFFFF00,
SKY_BLUE = 24'h00FFFF,
PURPLE = 24'hFF00FF,
GRAY = 24'hC0C0C0,
WHITE = 24'hFFFFFF;
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
data_disp <= BLACK;
else
begin
case (h_addr)
0: data_disp <= WHITE;
80: data_disp <= RED;
160: data_disp <= GREEN;
240: data_disp <= BLUE;
320: data_disp <= YELLOW;
400: data_disp <= SKY_BLUE;
480: data_disp <= PURPLE;
560: data_disp <= GRAY;
default: data_disp <= data_disp;
endcase
end
end
endmodule
2.3、测试结果
3、实现字符串的显示
3.1、生成点阵字模
1、使用PCtolcd2002软件生成自己想要的字模，设置字长和字宽为64x64
2，将生成的字模另存为bmp图像文件
3.再使用PCtolcd2002软件打开bmp文件，然后再设置里做如下设置
4、确定之后生成字模保存为txt文件就得到了汉字点阵
3.2、代码编写（文尾会附上整体代码）
1、信号定义
localparam h_START = 150, //行显示开始
h_STOP = 470, //行显示结束
v_START = 200, //场显示开始
v_STOP = 265; //场显示结束
reg [ 319:0 ] char_line[ 63:0 ]; //320(字长)*64(字宽)
reg [1:0] nstate; //次态
reg [1:0] cstate; //现态
wire char_value; //字符串有效显示区域
2、输出显示字符串
CHARACTER:
begin
if (char_value)
data_disp = char_line[v_addr-v_START][h_STOP - h_addr] != 0 ? BLUE:BLACK; //坐标点不为0则输出BLUE
else
data_disp <= BLACK;
end
//在数据显示有效区域内
assign char_value = cstate == CHARACTER && h_addr > h_START && h_addr < h_STOP && v_addr > v_START && v_addr < v_STOP;
3、汉字点阵
//初始化显示文字
always@( posedge vga_clk )
begin
char_line[ 0 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 1 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 2 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000004000000000;
char_line[ 3 ] = 320'h00000002000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000007000000000;
char_line[ 4 ] = 320'h00000003C0040000000000040000000000007C000000000000000000000020000000007C00000000;
char_line[ 5 ] = 320'h00018003E00E0000000000070000000000007C000000000000000000000070000000007C06000000;
char_line[ 6 ] = 320'h0000E003C00F000000000007E00000000000780000000600001FFFFFFFFFF8000000007803C00000;
char_line[ 7 ] = 320'h00007803C01F800000000007C00000000000780000000F00000FFFFFFFFFFC000000007801F00000;
char_line[ 8 ] = 320'h00003C03C01E000000000007800000000000780000000FC0000400000001FE000000007800FC0000;
char_line[ 9 ] = 320'h00001E03C038000000000007800000000000780010000F80000000000003FF0000000078007E0000;
char_line[ 10 ] = 320'h00001F03C070000000000007800000000000780018000F00000000000007E00000000078003F0000;
char_line[ 11 ] = 320'h00000F03C060000000000007800000000000780C08001E0000000000001F800000000078001F0000;
char_line[ 12 ] = 320'h00000E03C0C0000000000007800000000000781E04001E0000000000003E000000000078000F0000;
char_line[ 13 ] = 320'h00600E03C1800180000000078000000003FFFFFF06001E0000000000007C000000000078000F0000;
char_line[ 14 ] = 320'h00600403C30003C0000000078000000001FFFFFF83003C000000000000F000000000007800070100;
char_line[ 15 ] = 320'h007FFFFFFFFFFFE000000007800000000080780003003C000000000001C000000000007800070300;
char_line[ 16 ] = 320'h007FFFFFFFFFFFF000000007800000000000780001803C0000000000038000000000007800000780;
char_line[ 17 ] = 320'h00E00000000003E000000007800000000000780001C07800000000000E0000000000007800000FC0;
char_line[ 18 ] = 320'h00E000000000078000000007800000000000780000E07800000000031C0000001FFFFFFFFFFFFFE0;
char_line[ 19 ] = 320'h01E00000000007000020000780000000000078000060700000000003B80000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0;
char_line[ 20 ] = 320'h01C00000000006000038000780003000000078000070F00000000003E0000000040000700E000000;
char_line[ 21 ] = 320'h03C0000000100C00003E000780003E00000078000038F00000000003F0000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 22 ] = 320'h07C0180000380800003E000780003E00000078000038E00000000003F8000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 23 ] = 320'h0F801FFFFFFC1000003C000780003C0000007801801DE00000000003E0000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 24 ] = 320'h07001FFFFFFC0000003C000780003C0000007803C01FC00000000003C0000100000000700E002000;
char_line[ 25 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C001FFFFFFFE00FC00000000003C0000380000000F00E003000;
char_line[ 26 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C000FFFFFFFF007C00000000003C00007C0000000F00E007800;
char_line[ 27 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C00040038000007800000000003C0000FE0000000F00E007C00;
char_line[ 28 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003C00000780001FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000F00E00FE00;
char_line[ 29 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003E00000FC0000FFFFFFFFFFFFFF8000000E00E01F800;
char_line[ 30 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003C00000FE00004000003C0000000000000E00E01F000;
char_line[ 31 ] = 320'h00001FFFFFF80000003C000780003C0000003C00001EF00000000003C0000000000001E00E03E000;
char_line[ 32 ] = 320'h00001FFFFFF80000003C000780003C0000603C00001CF00000000003C0000000000001E00E07C000;
char_line[ 33 ] = 320'h00001C03C0380000003C000780003C0000783C00003C780000000003C0000000000001E00E078000;
char_line[ 34 ] = 320'h00001C03C0300000003C000780003C00007E3C0000387C0000000003C0000000000001C00E0F0000;
char_line[ 35 ] = 320'h00001803C0000000003C000780003C00007C3C0200783C0000000003C0000000000003C00E1F0000;
char_line[ 36 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000003C000780003C0000783C0700703E0000000003C0000000000003C00E3E0000;
char_line[ 37 ] = 320'h00000003C0004000003C000780003C0000783FFF80E01E0000000003C0000000000003800E7C0000;
char_line[ 38 ] = 320'h00040003C000E000003C000780003C0000783FFFC1C01F0000000003C0000000000007800E780000;
char_line[ 39 ] = 320'h0007FFFFFFFFF000003C000780003C0000783C0001C00F0000000003C0000000000007800EF00000;
char_line[ 40 ] = 320'h0007FFFFFFFFF800003C000780003C0000703C0003800F8000000003C0000000000007000FE00000;
char_line[ 41 ] = 320'h00070003C000F000003C000780003C0000703C0007000F8000000003C000000000000F000FC00000;
char_line[ 42 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C000E00078000000003C000000000000E000F800000;
char_line[ 43 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C000C00078000000003C000000000001E001F000000;
char_line[ 44 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C001800078000000003C000000000001C003E0000C0;
char_line[ 45 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F83C003000038000000003C000000000003C007E0000C0;
char_line[ 46 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000EC3C006000038000000003C000000000007800FE0000C0;
char_line[ 47 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001E63C00C000010000000003C000000000007001EE0000C0;
char_line[ 48 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001C3BC018000000000000003C00000000000F0038E0000C0;
char_line[ 49 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001C1FC030000000000000003C00000000001E00F0E0000C0;
char_line[ 50 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C000380FC000000000000000003C00000000003C01C0E0000C0;
char_line[ 51 ] = 320'h00070003C080E000003C000780003C0003807C000000000000000001C0000000000380780E0000C0;
char_line[ 52 ] = 320'h00070003C0FFE000007FFFFFFFFFFC0003003E000000000000000003C0000000000700E00E0000C0;
char_line[ 53 ] = 320'h00070003C03FE000007FFFFFFFFFFC0007001FC00000000000000003C0000000000E03800F0000E0;
char_line[ 54 ] = 320'h00070003C00FE000003C000000003C0006000FFC0000007800001FFFC0000000001C00000F0001F0;
char_line[ 55 ] = 320'h00070003C007C0000018000000003C000E0003FFFFFFFFF0000007FFC0000000003800000F8003F8;
char_line[ 56 ] = 320'h00060003C00380000000000000003C000C0000FFFFFFFF80000000FFC0000000007000000FFFFFF0;
char_line[ 57 ] = 320'h00000003C002000000000000000038001800001FFFFFFF000000003F8000000000C0000007FFFFE0;
char_line[ 58 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000000000000000200010000000FFFFFF000000001F000000000180000001FFFF80;
char_line[ 59 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000000000000000000020000000000000000000001E000000000700000000000000;
char_line[ 60 ] = 320'h00000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000C00000000000000;
char_line[ 61 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000;
char_line[ 62 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 63 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
end
3.3、测试结果
1、
4、图片显示
4.1、ip核的调用
1、采用一张200140的图片进行显示。
2、转换处hex文件，大小为200140*24bit
3、打开quartus，找到ROM
5、设置位宽度为16位，大小为图片大小200×140 = 28000
6、取消端口q的输出
7、选择图片生成的hex文件
8、生成.v文件
4.2、代码部分（文尾会附上整体代码）
1、信号定义
localparam width = 200, //图片宽度
localparam higth = 140; //图片高度
wire pic_h_value; //图片行地址有效
wire pic_v_value; //图片场地址有效
wire pic_value; //在图片的有效区域内
wire pic_rom_clear; //rom存储器地址清零
wire [23:0] rom_data; //图片数据
reg [14:0] rom_addr;
2、调用ROMip核
//例化rom ip核
rom rom1_inst (
.address ( rom_addr ),
.clock ( vga_clk ),
.q ( rom_data )
);
3、显示图片
PICTURE:
begin
if( pic_value)
data_disp <= rom_data;
else
data_disp <= WHITE;
end
//图片显示
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if (!rst_n)
rom_addr <= 0;
else if(cstate != PICTURE)begin
rom_addr<=0;
end
else if (pic_rom_clear)
rom_addr <= 0;
else if (pic_value)
rom_addr <= rom_addr + 1'b1;
else
rom_addr <= rom_addr;
end
assign pic_h_value = h_addr > (640 - width)/2 && h_addr < (640 - width)/2 + width + 1;
assign pic_v_value = v_addr > (480 - higth)/2 && v_addr < (480 - higth)/2 + higth + 1;
assign pic_value = cstate == PICTURE && pic_h_value && pic_v_value;
// assign pic_h_value = h_addr >= 100 && h_addr < 228;
// assign pic_v_value = v_addr >= 100 && v_addr < 178;
assign pic_rom_clear = rom_addr == width * higth - 1;
4.3、测试结果
4.4、整体代码
1、vga控制模块
`define vga_640_480
`include "defin.v"
module vga_control(
input clk_50, //vga时钟
input rst_n, //复位信号
input [23:0] data_disp, //
output reg [10:0] h_addr, //数据有效显示区域行地址
output reg [10:0] v_addr, //数据有效显示区域场地址
output reg hsync, //行同步信号
output reg vsync, //场同步信号
output reg [7:0] vga_r,
output reg [7:0] vga_g,
output reg [7:0] vga_b,
output reg vga_blk,
output wire vga_clk
);
parameter H_SYNC_START = 1, // 行同步开始
H_SYNC_STOP = `H_Sync_Time, // 行同步结束
H_DATA_START = `H_Sync_Time + `H_Back_Porch + `H_Left_Borde,
H_DATA_STOP = `H_Sync_Time + `H_Back_Porch + `H_Left_Borde + `H_Data_Time,
V_SYNC_START = 1, // 场同步开始
V_SYNC_STOP = `V_Sync_Time, // 场同步结束
V_DATA_START = `V_Sync_Time + `V_Back_Porch + `V_Top_Borde,
V_DATA_STOP = `V_Sync_Time + `V_Back_Porch + `V_Top_Borde + `V_Data_Time;
//信号定义
reg [11:0] cnt_h; //行地址计数寄存器
wire add_h;
wire end_h;
wire cnt_h_x;
wire cnt_v_x;
reg [11:0] cnt_v; //场地址计数寄存器
wire add_v;
wire end_v;
wire clk_50M;
wire clk_25M;
//例化时钟分频模块
pll pll_inst (
.areset (~rst_n ),
.inclk0 (clk_50 ),
.c0 (clk_50M),
.c1 (clk_25M)
);
assign vga_clk = clk_25M;
//行地址计数
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
else if(add_h)
begin
if(end_h)
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
else
cnt_h <= cnt_h + 1'b1;
end
else
cnt_h <= 12'd0;
end
assign add_h = 1'b1;
assign end_h = add_h && cnt_h == `H_Total_Time - 1;
//场地址计数
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
cnt_v <= 12'd0;
else if(add_v)
begin
if(end_v)
cnt_v <= 12'd0;
else
cnt_v <= cnt_v + 1'b1;
end
else
cnt_v <= cnt_v;
end
assign add_v = end_h;
assign end_v = add_v && cnt_v == `V_Total_Time - 1;
//行场同步信号
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
hsync <= 1'b1;
else if(cnt_h == H_SYNC_START - 1)
hsync <= 1'b0;
else if(cnt_h == H_SYNC_STOP - 1)
hsync <= 1'b1;
else
hsync <= hsync;
end
//行场同步信号
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
vsync <= 1'b1;
else if(cnt_v == V_SYNC_START - 1)
vsync <= 1'b0;
else if(cnt_v == V_SYNC_STOP - 1)
vsync <= 1'b1;
else
vsync <= vsync;
end
//数据有效显示区域
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
h_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_h >= H_DATA_STOP)
h_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_h >= H_DATA_START)
h_addr <= cnt_h - H_DATA_START;
else
h_addr <= 11'd0;
end
//数据有效显示区域
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
v_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_v >= V_DATA_STOP)
v_addr <= 11'd0;
else if(cnt_v >= V_DATA_START)
v_addr <= cnt_v - V_DATA_START;
else
v_addr <= 11'd0;
end
//数据显示
always@ (posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
begin
vga_r <= 8'd0;
vga_g <= 8'd0;
vga_b <= 8'd0;
vga_blk <= 1'b0;
end
else if(cnt_h_x && cnt_v_x)
begin
vga_r <= data_disp[23:16];
vga_g <= data_disp[15:8];
vga_b <= data_disp[7:0];
vga_blk <= 1'b1;
end
else
begin
vga_r <= 8'd0;
vga_g <= 8'd0;
vga_b <= 8'd0;
vga_blk <= 1'b0;
end
end
assign cnt_h_x = cnt_h >= H_DATA_START && cnt_h <= H_DATA_STOP;
assign cnt_v_x = cnt_v >= V_DATA_START && cnt_v <= V_DATA_STOP;
endmodule
2、数据生成模块
module data_gen(
input vga_clk, //vga时钟：25MHz
input rst_n, //复位信号
input [2:0] key,
input [10:0] h_addr, //数据有效显示区域行地址
input [10:0] v_addr, //数据有效显示区域场地址)
output reg [23:0] data_disp
);
parameter BLACK = 24'h000000,
RED = 24'hFF0000,
GREEN = 24'h00FF00,
BLUE = 24'h0000FF,
YELLOW = 24'hFFFF00,
SKY_BLUE = 24'h00FFFF,
PURPLE = 24'hFF00FF,
GRAY = 24'hC0C0C0,
WHITE = 24'hFFFFFF;
parameter COLOUR_BAR = 2'b00, //显示彩条状态
CHARACTER = 2'b01, //显示字符状态
PICTURE = 2'b10; //显示图片状态
localparam h_START = 150, //行显示开始
h_STOP = 470, //行显示结束
v_START = 200, //场显示开始
v_STOP = 265, //场显示结束
width = 200, //图片宽度
higth = 140; //图片高度
//信号定义
reg [ 319:0 ] char_line[ 63:0 ]; //320(字长)*64(字宽)
reg [1:0] nstate; //次态
reg [1:0] cstate; //现态
wire char_value; //字符串有效显示区域1
wire pic_h_value; //图片行地址有效
wire pic_v_value; //图片场地址有效
wire pic_value; //在图片的有效区域内
wire pic_rom_clear; //rom存储器地址清零
wire [23:0] rom_data; //图片数据
reg [14:0] rom_addr;
//状态判断
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
cstate <= COLOUR_BAR;
else
cstate <= nstate;
end
//状态转换
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(!rst_n)
nstate <= COLOUR_BAR; //默认为显示彩条状态
else if(key[0])
nstate <= CHARACTER; //按下key[0]时跳转到显示字符状态
else if(key[1])
nstate <= PICTURE; //按下key[1]时跳转到显示图片状态
else if(key[2])
nstate <= COLOUR_BAR; //按下key[2]时跳回到显示彩条状态
else
nstate <= nstate;
end
always @(*)
begin
case (cstate)
COLOUR_BAR:
begin
if (h_addr > 0 && h_addr <= 80)
data_disp <= WHITE;
else if (h_addr > 80 && h_addr <= 160)
data_disp <= RED;
else if (h_addr > 160 && h_addr <= 240)
data_disp <= GREEN;
else if (h_addr > 240 && h_addr <= 320)
data_disp <= BLUE;
else if (h_addr > 320 && h_addr <= 400)
data_disp <= SKY_BLUE;
else if (h_addr > 400 && h_addr <= 480)
data_disp <= PURPLE;
else if (h_addr > 480 && h_addr <= 560)
data_disp <= GRAY;
else
data_disp <= WHITE;
end
CHARACTER:
begin
if (char_value)
data_disp = char_line[v_addr-v_START][h_STOP - h_addr] != 0 ? BLUE:BLACK; //坐标点不为0则输出BLUE
else
data_disp <= BLACK;
end
PICTURE:
begin
if( pic_value)
data_disp <= rom_data;
else
data_disp <= WHITE;
end
default :
data_disp <= BLACK;
endcase
end
assign char_value = cstate == CHARACTER && h_addr > h_START && h_addr < h_STOP && v_addr > v_START && v_addr < v_STOP;
//图片显示
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if (!rst_n)
rom_addr <= 0;
else if(cstate != PICTURE)begin
rom_addr<=0;
end
else if (pic_rom_clear)
rom_addr <= 0;
else if (pic_value)
rom_addr <= rom_addr + 1'b1;
else
rom_addr <= rom_addr;
end
assign pic_h_value = h_addr > (640 - width)/2 && h_addr < (640 - width)/2 + width + 1;
assign pic_v_value = v_addr > (480 - higth)/2 && v_addr < (480 - higth)/2 + higth + 1;
assign pic_value = cstate == PICTURE && pic_h_value && pic_v_value;
// assign pic_h_value = h_addr >= 100 && h_addr < 228;
// assign pic_v_value = v_addr >= 100 && v_addr < 178;
assign pic_rom_clear = rom_addr == width * higth - 1;
//初始化显示文字
always@( posedge vga_clk )
begin
char_line[ 0 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 1 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 2 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000004000000000;
char_line[ 3 ] = 320'h00000002000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000007000000000;
char_line[ 4 ] = 320'h00000003C0040000000000040000000000007C000000000000000000000020000000007C00000000;
char_line[ 5 ] = 320'h00018003E00E0000000000070000000000007C000000000000000000000070000000007C06000000;
char_line[ 6 ] = 320'h0000E003C00F000000000007E00000000000780000000600001FFFFFFFFFF8000000007803C00000;
char_line[ 7 ] = 320'h00007803C01F800000000007C00000000000780000000F00000FFFFFFFFFFC000000007801F00000;
char_line[ 8 ] = 320'h00003C03C01E000000000007800000000000780000000FC0000400000001FE000000007800FC0000;
char_line[ 9 ] = 320'h00001E03C038000000000007800000000000780010000F80000000000003FF0000000078007E0000;
char_line[ 10 ] = 320'h00001F03C070000000000007800000000000780018000F00000000000007E00000000078003F0000;
char_line[ 11 ] = 320'h00000F03C060000000000007800000000000780C08001E0000000000001F800000000078001F0000;
char_line[ 12 ] = 320'h00000E03C0C0000000000007800000000000781E04001E0000000000003E000000000078000F0000;
char_line[ 13 ] = 320'h00600E03C1800180000000078000000003FFFFFF06001E0000000000007C000000000078000F0000;
char_line[ 14 ] = 320'h00600403C30003C0000000078000000001FFFFFF83003C000000000000F000000000007800070100;
char_line[ 15 ] = 320'h007FFFFFFFFFFFE000000007800000000080780003003C000000000001C000000000007800070300;
char_line[ 16 ] = 320'h007FFFFFFFFFFFF000000007800000000000780001803C0000000000038000000000007800000780;
char_line[ 17 ] = 320'h00E00000000003E000000007800000000000780001C07800000000000E0000000000007800000FC0;
char_line[ 18 ] = 320'h00E000000000078000000007800000000000780000E07800000000031C0000001FFFFFFFFFFFFFE0;
char_line[ 19 ] = 320'h01E00000000007000020000780000000000078000060700000000003B80000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0;
char_line[ 20 ] = 320'h01C00000000006000038000780003000000078000070F00000000003E0000000040000700E000000;
char_line[ 21 ] = 320'h03C0000000100C00003E000780003E00000078000038F00000000003F0000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 22 ] = 320'h07C0180000380800003E000780003E00000078000038E00000000003F8000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 23 ] = 320'h0F801FFFFFFC1000003C000780003C0000007801801DE00000000003E0000000000000700E000000;
char_line[ 24 ] = 320'h07001FFFFFFC0000003C000780003C0000007803C01FC00000000003C0000100000000700E002000;
char_line[ 25 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C001FFFFFFFE00FC00000000003C0000380000000F00E003000;
char_line[ 26 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C000FFFFFFFF007C00000000003C00007C0000000F00E007800;
char_line[ 27 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C00040038000007800000000003C0000FE0000000F00E007C00;
char_line[ 28 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003C00000780001FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000F00E00FE00;
char_line[ 29 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003E00000FC0000FFFFFFFFFFFFFF8000000E00E01F800;
char_line[ 30 ] = 320'h00001C0000380000003C000780003C0000003C00000FE00004000003C0000000000000E00E01F000;
char_line[ 31 ] = 320'h00001FFFFFF80000003C000780003C0000003C00001EF00000000003C0000000000001E00E03E000;
char_line[ 32 ] = 320'h00001FFFFFF80000003C000780003C0000603C00001CF00000000003C0000000000001E00E07C000;
char_line[ 33 ] = 320'h00001C03C0380000003C000780003C0000783C00003C780000000003C0000000000001E00E078000;
char_line[ 34 ] = 320'h00001C03C0300000003C000780003C00007E3C0000387C0000000003C0000000000001C00E0F0000;
char_line[ 35 ] = 320'h00001803C0000000003C000780003C00007C3C0200783C0000000003C0000000000003C00E1F0000;
char_line[ 36 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000003C000780003C0000783C0700703E0000000003C0000000000003C00E3E0000;
char_line[ 37 ] = 320'h00000003C0004000003C000780003C0000783FFF80E01E0000000003C0000000000003800E7C0000;
char_line[ 38 ] = 320'h00040003C000E000003C000780003C0000783FFFC1C01F0000000003C0000000000007800E780000;
char_line[ 39 ] = 320'h0007FFFFFFFFF000003C000780003C0000783C0001C00F0000000003C0000000000007800EF00000;
char_line[ 40 ] = 320'h0007FFFFFFFFF800003C000780003C0000703C0003800F8000000003C0000000000007000FE00000;
char_line[ 41 ] = 320'h00070003C000F000003C000780003C0000703C0007000F8000000003C000000000000F000FC00000;
char_line[ 42 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C000E00078000000003C000000000000E000F800000;
char_line[ 43 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C000C00078000000003C000000000001E001F000000;
char_line[ 44 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F03C001800078000000003C000000000001C003E0000C0;
char_line[ 45 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000F83C003000038000000003C000000000003C007E0000C0;
char_line[ 46 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0000EC3C006000038000000003C000000000007800FE0000C0;
char_line[ 47 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001E63C00C000010000000003C000000000007001EE0000C0;
char_line[ 48 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001C3BC018000000000000003C00000000000F0038E0000C0;
char_line[ 49 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C0001C1FC030000000000000003C00000000001E00F0E0000C0;
char_line[ 50 ] = 320'h00070003C000E000003C000780003C000380FC000000000000000003C00000000003C01C0E0000C0;
char_line[ 51 ] = 320'h00070003C080E000003C000780003C0003807C000000000000000001C0000000000380780E0000C0;
char_line[ 52 ] = 320'h00070003C0FFE000007FFFFFFFFFFC0003003E000000000000000003C0000000000700E00E0000C0;
char_line[ 53 ] = 320'h00070003C03FE000007FFFFFFFFFFC0007001FC00000000000000003C0000000000E03800F0000E0;
char_line[ 54 ] = 320'h00070003C00FE000003C000000003C0006000FFC0000007800001FFFC0000000001C00000F0001F0;
char_line[ 55 ] = 320'h00070003C007C0000018000000003C000E0003FFFFFFFFF0000007FFC0000000003800000F8003F8;
char_line[ 56 ] = 320'h00060003C00380000000000000003C000C0000FFFFFFFF80000000FFC0000000007000000FFFFFF0;
char_line[ 57 ] = 320'h00000003C002000000000000000038001800001FFFFFFF000000003F8000000000C0000007FFFFE0;
char_line[ 58 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000000000000000200010000000FFFFFF000000001F000000000180000001FFFF80;
char_line[ 59 ] = 320'h00000003C0000000000000000000000020000000000000000000001E000000000700000000000000;
char_line[ 60 ] = 320'h00000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000C00000000000000;
char_line[ 61 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000;
char_line[ 62 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
char_line[ 63 ] = 320'h00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
end
//例化rom ip核
rom rom1_inst (
.address ( rom_addr ),
.clock ( vga_clk ),
.q ( rom_data )
);
endmodule
参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/QWERTYzxw/article/details/121326584
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47281915/article/details/125134764?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
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