软件构造 适配器模式

适配器模式（Adapter Pattern）是作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它结合了两个独立接口的功能。

这种模式涉及到一个单一的类，该类负责加入独立的或不兼容的接口功能。

下面是一个适配器模式编程的实例

首先，创建已经实现的接口以及他的实现类（即我们要调用的）

AdvancedMediaPlayer.java

public interface AdvancedMediaPlayer { 
   public void playVlc(String fileName);
   public void playMp4(String fileName);
}

VlcPlayer.java

public class VlcPlayer implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
   @Override
   public void playVlc(String fileName) {
      System.out.println("Playing vlc file. Name: "+ fileName);      
   }
 
   @Override
   public void playMp4(String fileName) {
      //什么也不做
   }
}

Mp4Player.java

public class Mp4Player implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
 
   @Override
   public void playVlc(String fileName) {
      //什么也不做
   }
 
   @Override
   public void playMp4(String fileName) {
      System.out.println("Playing mp4 file. Name: "+ fileName);      
   }
}

接着定义我们直接使用的接口
MediaPlayer.java

public interface MediaPlayer {
   public void play(String audioType, String fileName);
}

然后创建适配器类
MediaAdapter.java

public class MediaAdapter implements MediaPlayer {
 
   AdvancedMediaPlayer advancedMusicPlayer;
 
   public MediaAdapter(String audioType){
      if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc") ){
         advancedMusicPlayer = new VlcPlayer();       
      } else if (audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
         advancedMusicPlayer = new Mp4Player();
      }  
   }
 
   @Override
   public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {
      if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc")){
         advancedMusicPlayer.playVlc(fileName);
      }else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
         advancedMusicPlayer.playMp4(fileName);
      }
   }
}

最后编写调用适配器以及实现原本就已经存在的功能的类
AudioPlayer.java

public class AudioPlayer implements MediaPlayer {
   MediaAdapter mediaAdapter; 
 
   @Override
   public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {    
 
      //播放 mp3 音乐文件的内置支持
      if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp3")){
         System.out.println("Playing mp3 file. Name: "+ fileName);         
      } 
      //mediaAdapter 提供了播放其他文件格式的支持
      else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc") 
         || audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
         mediaAdapter = new MediaAdapter(audioType);
         mediaAdapter.play(audioType, fileName);
      }
      else{
         System.out.println("Invalid media. "+
            audioType + " format not supported");
      }
   }   
}

最后，来实验一下结果
AdapterPatternDemo.java

public class AdapterPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      AudioPlayer audioPlayer = new AudioPlayer();
 
      audioPlayer.play("mp3", "beyond the horizon.mp3");
      audioPlayer.play("mp4", "alone.mp4");
      audioPlayer.play("vlc", "far far away.vlc");
      audioPlayer.play("avi", "mind me.avi");
   }
}

Playing mp3 file. Name: beyond the horizon.mp3
Playing mp4 file. Name: alone.mp4
Playing vlc file. Name: far far away.vlc
Invalid media. avi format not supported

总结一下，其实就是适配器在域中定义了需要被适配的类，然后调用的类的域中又定义了一个适配器，这样就可以完成调用。