适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)是作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式,它结合了两个独立接口的功能。
这种模式涉及到一个单一的类,该类负责加入独立的或不兼容的接口功能。
下面是一个适配器模式编程的实例
首先,创建已经实现的接口以及他的实现类(即我们要调用的)
AdvancedMediaPlayer.java
public interface AdvancedMediaPlayer {
public void playVlc(String fileName);
public void playMp4(String fileName);
}
VlcPlayer.java
public class VlcPlayer implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
@Override
public void playVlc(String fileName) {
System.out.println("Playing vlc file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
@Override
public void playMp4(String fileName) {
//什么也不做
}
}
Mp4Player.java
public class Mp4Player implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
@Override
public void playVlc(String fileName) {
//什么也不做
}
@Override
public void playMp4(String fileName) {
System.out.println("Playing mp4 file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
}
接着定义我们直接使用的接口
MediaPlayer.java
public interface MediaPlayer {
public void play(String audioType, String fileName);
}
然后创建适配器类
MediaAdapter.java
public class MediaAdapter implements MediaPlayer {
AdvancedMediaPlayer advancedMusicPlayer;
public MediaAdapter(String audioType){
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc") ){
advancedMusicPlayer = new VlcPlayer();
} else if (audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
advancedMusicPlayer = new Mp4Player();
}
}
@Override
public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc")){
advancedMusicPlayer.playVlc(fileName);
}else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
advancedMusicPlayer.playMp4(fileName);
}
}
}
最后编写调用适配器以及实现原本就已经存在的功能的类
AudioPlayer.java
public class AudioPlayer implements MediaPlayer {
MediaAdapter mediaAdapter;
@Override
public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {
//播放 mp3 音乐文件的内置支持
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp3")){
System.out.println("Playing mp3 file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
//mediaAdapter 提供了播放其他文件格式的支持
else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc")
|| audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
mediaAdapter = new MediaAdapter(audioType);
mediaAdapter.play(audioType, fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println("Invalid media. "+
audioType + " format not supported");
}
}
}
最后,来实验一下结果
AdapterPatternDemo.java
public class AdapterPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AudioPlayer audioPlayer = new AudioPlayer();
audioPlayer.play("mp3", "beyond the horizon.mp3");
audioPlayer.play("mp4", "alone.mp4");
audioPlayer.play("vlc", "far far away.vlc");
audioPlayer.play("avi", "mind me.avi");
}
}
Playing mp3 file. Name: beyond the horizon.mp3
Playing mp4 file. Name: alone.mp4
Playing vlc file. Name: far far away.vlc
Invalid media. avi format not supported
总结一下,其实就是适配器在域中定义了需要被适配的类,然后调用的类的域中又定义了一个适配器,这样就可以完成调用。