socket_day1

the first record of learning of cpp–socket

the function

1.the exchange between host byte order(small end,aka h) and network byte order(big end,aka n)

htonl(int) //(h->n unsigned long 32)
htons(int) //(h->n unsigned short 16)
ntohs(int) //(n->h unsigned short 16)
ntohl(int) //(n->h unsigned long 32)

2.ip exchange between string and network byte order

int ip_addr=inet_addr("192.168.0.1");
//string-->n
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv.sin_addr.s_addr)
/*
  AF_INET ipv4
  ip address "127.0.0.1
  struct in_addr.s_addr
*/

3.the socket constructor
init

int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
/*AF_INET ipv4 AF_INET6 ipv6
  SOCK_STREAM tcp SOCK_DGRAM udp
  return 3;
*/
struct sockaddr_in serv;//record the information about the socket
bzero(&serv, sizeof(serv));//memset(serv, 0x00, sizeof(serv));
serv.sin_family = AF_INET;//ipv4
serv.sin_port = htons(8888);//bind the port 
serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//bind the ip,INADDR_ANY means any ip address can be used; 

the function in server

int ret = bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv,sizeof(serv));
//bind socket with ip and port
listen(lfd, 128);
//listen the request (socket fd,max request number)
int cfd = accept(lfd, NULL, NULL);
//accept the client(socket fd,client addr,client addrlen)

the function in client

int cfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in serv;
serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv.sin_port = htons(8888);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv.sin_addr.s_addr);
//init the socket and bind to the corresponding ip and port
int ret = connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv, sizeof(serv));
//connect client to this ip and port

the public function

char buf[64];
read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
write(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
//these two use together
recv(int sockfd,void* buf,int len,unsigned int flags);
recv(cfd,buf,sizeof(buf),0); 
//socket fd,buf,len of message,always 0
send(int sockfd,const void* msg,int len,int flags) 
send(lfd,buf,sizeof(buf),0);
//socket fd,buf,len of message,always 0

the image of server and client

the achieve of server and client

//server
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>

int main(){
  int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  if(lfd < 0){
    perror("socket error");
    return -1;
  }
  struct sockaddr_in serv;
  bzero(&serv,sizeof(serv));
  serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
  serv.sin_port = htons(8888);
  serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
  int ret = bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv, sizeof(serv));
  if(ret < 0){
    perror("bind error");
    return -1;
  }
  listen(lfd, 128);
  int cfd = accept(lfd, NULL, NULL);
  int i=0;
  int n=0;
  char buf[256];
  while(1){
    memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
    n=read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
    if(n <= 0){
      printf("read error or connect close,n==%d\n", n);
      break;
    }
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
      buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
    }
    write(cfd, buf, n);
  }
  close(lfd);
  close(cfd);
  return 0;
}

//client
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>

int main(){
  int cfd=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  struct sockaddr_in serv;
  serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
  serv.sin_port = htons(8888);
  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv.sin_addr.s_addr);
  int ret = connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv, sizeof(serv));
  if(ret < 0){
    perror("connect error");
    return -1;
  }
  int n=0;
  char buf[64];
  while(1){
    memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
    n = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));//read from buffer
    write(cfd, buf, n);
    memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
    n = read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
    if(n <= 0){
      printf("read error or server closed,n==%d\n", n);
    }
    printf("n==%d,buf==%s\n", n, buf);
  }
  close(cfd);
  return 0;
}
);
    if(n <= 0){
      printf("read error or server closed,n==%d\n", n);
    }
    printf("n==%d,buf==%s\n", n, buf);
  }
  close(cfd);
  return 0;
}