2021-08-02 Spring温习（二 IoC 容器） 持续更新...

IoC 容器

• 配置元数据
  基于 XML 的配置元数据的基本结构

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="student" class="org.example.Student">   
    </bean>
</beans>

实体类代码

public class Student {
    private String name,address,qq,email;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getQq() {
        return qq;
    }

    public void setQq(String qq) {
        this.qq = qq;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                ", qq='" + qq + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

启动类代码

public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("appliaction.xml");
        Student student= (Student) applicationContext.getBean("student");
        student.setAddress("西安碑林区");
        student.setName("三毛毳毳");
        student.setEmail("1172469573.qq.com");
        student.setQq("1172469573");
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}

• 实例化容器 可以按功能分类定义多个配置文件
  
• 加载多个xml文件

public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("appliaction.xml","controller.xml","dao.xml","services.xml");
        Student student= (Student) applicationContext.getBean("student");
        student.setAddress("西安碑林区");
        student.setName("三毛毳毳");
        student.setEmail("1172469573.qq.com");
        student.setQq("1172469573");
        System.out.println(student);
        StudentDao studentDao= (StudentDao) applicationContext.getBean("studentDao");
        studentDao.setFunction("数据库");
        studentDao.setName("DAO");
        System.out.println(studentDao);
        StudentService studentService= (StudentService) applicationContext.getBean("studentService");
        studentService.setFunction("服务");
        studentService.setName("SERVICE");
        System.out.println(studentService);
        StudentController studentController= (StudentController) applicationContext.getBean("studentController");
        studentController.setFunction("控制");
        studentController.setName("CONTROLLER");
        System.out.println(studentController);
    }
}

Bean 概述

Property	Explained
class	实例化 bean
name	命名 bean
scope	Bean 范围
constructor arguments	依赖注入
properties	依赖注入
autowiring mode	自动装配合作者
lazy-initialization mode	延迟初始化的 bean
initialization method	初始化回调
destruction method	销毁回调

• bean作用域
  单例 原型 会话 请求 全局会话 应用程序 WebSocket 范围
  也可以自定义 bean范围 需要实现org.springframework.beans.factory.config.Scope接口
• 自定义 bean 的性质

1. 生命周期回调
   要与容器对 bean 生命周期的 Management 进行交互，可以实现 Spring InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口。容器对前者调用afterPropertiesSet()，对后者调用destroy()，以允许 Bean 在初始化和销毁 Bean 时执行某些操作。

   从 Spring 2.5 开始，您具有三个用于控制 bean 生命周期行为的选项：InitializingBean和DisposableBean回调接口；自定义init()和destroy()方法；和@PostConstruct 和@PreDestroy 注解。您可以结合使用这些机制来控制给定的 bean。

• 其他感知接口

Name	Injected Dependency
ApplicationContextAware	声明ApplicationContext
ApplicationEventPublisherAware	附件ApplicationContext的事件发布者
BeanClassLoaderAware	类加载器，用于加载 Bean 类
BeanFactoryAware	声明BeanFactory
BeanNameAware	声明 bean 的名称
BootstrapContextAware	资源适配器BootstrapContext容器在其中运行。通常仅在支持 JCA 的ApplicationContext s 中可用
LoadTimeWeaverAware	定义* weaver *以便在加载时处理类定义
MessageSourceAware	解决消息的已配置策略(支持参数化和国际化)
NotificationPublisherAware	Spring JMX 通知发布者
PortletConfigAware	当前PortletConfig容器在其中运行。仅在可感知网络的 Spring ApplicationContext中有效
PortletContextAware	当前PortletContext容器在其中运行。仅在可感知网络的 Spring ApplicationContext中有效
ResourceLoaderAware	配置的加载器，用于对资源的低级访问
ServletConfigAware	当前ServletConfig容器在其中运行。仅在可感知网络的 Spring ApplicationContext中有效
ServletContextAware	当前ServletContext容器在其中运行。仅在可感知网络的 Spring ApplicationContext中有效

• 自定义容器
• 基于注解的容器配置
• @Required 适用于 bean 属性设置器方法
• @Autowired 按类型注入
• @PostConstruct 和@PreDestroy 创建 和销毁方法
• @Component
• @Service
• @Controller
• @Repository
• Spring MVC 的@RestControllerComments 由@Controller和@ResponseBody组成
• 使用@Inject 和@Named 进行依赖注入
  10.@Bean 和@Configuration
• 使用过滤器自定义扫描
  @ComponentScan注解的* includeFilters 或 excludeFilters 参数(或component-scan元素的 include-filter 或 exclude-filter *子元素)。每个过滤器元素都需要type和expression属性
  配置文件扫描 <context:component-scan base-package=“com.acme”/>
• web.xml

<web-app>
    <!-- Configure ContextLoaderListener to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
        instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
        <param-value>
            org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Configuration locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
        fully-qualified @Configuration classes. Fully-qualified packages may also be
        specified for component-scanning -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>com.acme.AppConfig</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Bootstrap the root application context as usual using ContextLoaderListener -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- Declare a Spring MVC DispatcherServlet as usual -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- Configure DispatcherServlet to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
            <param-value>
                org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            </param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- Again, config locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
            and fully-qualified @Configuration classes -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>com.acme.web.MvcConfig</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <!-- map all requests for /app/* to the dispatcher servlet -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>