6、Bean的作用域
在spring中,那些组成应用程序的主体及有Spring IOC容器所管理的对象,被称之为bean。简单地讲,bean就是由IOC容器初始化、装配及管理的对象
类别 | 说明 |
---|---|
singleton | 在Spring IOC容器中仅存在一个Bean实例,Bean以单利方式存在,默认值 |
prototype | 每次从容器中调用Bean时,都返回一个新的实例,即每次调用getBean()时,相当于执行 new XXXBean() |
request | 每次HTTP请求都会创建一个新的Bean,该作用域仅适用于WebApplicationContext环境 |
session | 同一个HTTP Session共享一个Bean,不同Session使用不同Bean,仅适用于WebApplicationContext环境 |
在这几种作用域中:request、session作用域仅在基于Web的应用中使用(不必关心你所采用的是什么wen应用框架),只能用在基于web的Spring ApplicationContext环境
6.1、singleton
Spring IOC容器中只会存在一个共享的bean实例,并且所有对bean的请求,只要id与该bean相匹配,那只会返回bean的同一实例,singleton是单例模式,就是在创建容器时就会自动创建了一个bean的对象,不管你是否使用,他都是存在的,每次获取的对象都是同一个对象。
示例:
创建bean
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Dog {
private String name;
private String color;
}
xml文件
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog" scope="singleton">
</bean>
测试
@org.junit.Test
public void test04(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Dog dog1 = context.getBean("dog", Dog.class);
Dog dog2 = context.getBean("dog", Dog.class)
System.out.println(dog1==dog2);
}
输出
6.2、Prototype
一个bean定义对应多个对象实例。propertype作用域的bean会导致在每次对该bean请求(将其注入到另一个bean中,或者以程序的方式调用容器的getBean()方法)都会创建一个新的bean实例,Propertype是原形类型。他在创建容器的时候并没有初始化。而当我们获取bean的时候才会去创建一个对象,而且每次我们获取到的对象都不是同一个对象。
xml文件
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog" scope="prototype">
</bean>
测试
@org.junit.Test
public void test04(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Dog dog1 = context.getBean("dog", Dog.class);
Dog dog2 = context.getBean("dog", Dog.class);
System.out.println(dog1==dog2);
}
输出
6.3、Request
当一个bean的作用域为Request,表示在一个http请求中,一个bean定义对应一个实例;即每个http请求都会有各自的bean实例,他依据某个bean定义创建而成。改作用域仅在基于web的springApplicationContext情形下有效,当请求结束,request作用域的bean实例将被销毁
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog" scope="request">
6.4、Session
当一个bean的作用域为session,表示在一个HTTP Session中,一个bean定义对应一个实例,该作用域仅在基于Web的Spring ApplicationContext情形下有效
<bean id="userPreferences" class="com.foo.UserPreferences" scope="session"/>
在该Http Session作用域内的bean也会被废弃掉
7、Bean的自动装配
- 自动装配是使用spring满足bean依赖的一种方法
- spring会在应用上下文中为某个bean寻找其依赖的bean
spring中bean有三种装配机制,分别是:
- 在xml中显示配置
- 在java中显示配置
- 隐式的bean发现机制和自动装配
我们在使用自动装配的时候一般使用自动化的装配bean
从以下两个角度来实现:
- 组件扫描(component scanning):spring会自动发现应用上下文中所创建的bean
- 自动装配(autowiring):spring自动满足bean之间的依赖,也就是我们说的IOC/DI;
组件扫描和自动装配组合发挥巨大威力,使得显示的配置降低到最少
推荐使用注解形式,xml当做了解
7.1、环境搭建
创建实体类
小猫
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Cat {
public void test(){
System.out.println("小猫喵喵叫");
}
}
小狗
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Dog {
public void test(){
System.out.println("小狗汪汪叫");
}
}
用户
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class User {
private Dog dog;
private Cat cat;
}
不使用自动注入的时候配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User">
<property name="cat" ref="cat"/>
<property name="dog" ref="dog"/>
</bean>
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
</beans>
测试类
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn;
import com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
@org.junit.Test
public void test01(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
user.getCat().test();
user.getDog().test();
}
}
输出
7.2、使用byName装配
autowire=byName (按名称自动装配)
使用byName属性时必须保证引用bean的id要个实体类中属性的字段名对应,否则就会注入不上
修改配置文件为
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User" autowire="byName">
</bean>
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
输出
但我们把引用bean中的id更改一下时
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User" autowire="byName">
</bean>
<bean id="ceshidog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
</beans>
此时 小狗就会注入不上,必须要保证id名和User类中小狗的字段名对应
小结
当一个bean节点带有autowore byName的属性时
1、将查找其类中所有哦的set方法名,例如setCat,获取将set去掉并且首字母小写的字符串,即cat
2、去spring容器中寻找是否有次字符串名称id的对象,如果有则注入,如果没有则注入不上
7.3byType
autowire=byType (按类型自动装配)
使用这个属性时首先要保证,同一类型的对象,在spring容器中唯一,如果不唯一,会报不唯一异常
NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
xml文件
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User" autowire="byType">
</bean>
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
测试
@org.junit.Test
public void test01(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
user.getCat().test();
user.getDog().test();
}
输出
此时如果名称不对应也可以注入到,但是要保证只能有一个对应的类型否则就会报错
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User" autowire="byType">
</bean>
<bean id="ceshidog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
这样也是可以注入进去的
如果是以下这种就会报错
<bean id="ceshidog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
<bean id="cat1" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
输出
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:E:\IDEA\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=62678:E:\IDEA\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "E:\IDEA\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar;E:\IDEA\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;E:\IDEA\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_221\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\practice\springTest\spring-15-autoware\target\classes;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.3.21\spring-webmvc-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.3.21\spring-aop-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.3.21\spring-beans-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.3.21\spring-context-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.3.21\spring-core-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.3.21\spring-jcl-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.3.21\spring-expression-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.3.21\spring-web-5.3.21.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\junit\junit\4.13\junit-4.13.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\com\sgcc\dlsc\dlsc-encryptor-spring-cloud-starter\1.6.3-fix-SNAPSHOT\dlsc-encryptor-spring-cloud-starter-1.6.3-fix-20220708.120403-7.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\com\sgcc\sgcc-dlsc-sgsm\1.0.0\sgcc-dlsc-sgsm-1.0.0.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\com\sgcc\sgcc-dlsc-bcprove-jdk16\1.46\sgcc-dlsc-bcprove-jdk16-1.46.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\aspectj\aspectjweaver\1.9.4\aspectjweaver-1.9.4.jar;E:\Maven\workspace\xpt\repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.24\lombok-1.18.24.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.zhangjiangbo.cn.Test,test01
八月 10, 2022 11:25:55 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext refresh
警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'cat'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: cat,cat1
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'cat'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: cat,cat1
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1534)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1417)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:619)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)
at com.zhangjiangbo.cn.Test.test01(Test.java:11)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: cat,cat1
at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveNotUnique(DependencyDescriptor.java:220)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1369)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1311)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1519)
... 38 more
Process finished with exit code -1
小结
使用byType时
1、引用的id名称可以与实体类中字段属性不对应,但是要保证类型一致
2、同一类型必须只有一个bean,否则就会报错
7.4、使用注解的形式
在jdk1.5开始支持注解,spring2.5开始全面支持注解
使用注解需要在配置文件中开启属性注解支持
- 在spring配置文件中引入context文件头(现在idea会自动引入)
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
- 开启属性注解支持
<context:annotation-config/>
添加完成之后配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
</beans>
7.4.1、@Autowired注解
- Autowired是按类型自动转配的,不支持id匹配
- 需要导入spring-aop的包(我们导入webmvc的包是会自动帮我们引入spring-aop包)
修改实体类
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
@Data
public class User {
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
}
在IOC容器中创建实例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User"></bean>
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
</beans>
测试类
@org.junit.Test
public void test01(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
user.getCat().test();
user.getDog().test();
}
输出
7.4.2、@Qualifier注解
- @Autowired是根据类型自动装配的,机上@Qualifier则可以根据byName的方式自动装配
- @Qualifier不可以单独使用
修改配置文件为
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User">
</bean>
<bean id="dog1" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat1" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
</beans>
修改实体类
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
@Data
public class User {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("dog1")
private Dog dog;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("cat1")
private Cat cat;
}
输出
@Resource注解
- @Resource如有指定的name属性,先按该属性进行byName方式查找装配
- 其次在进行默认的byName方式进行装配
- 如果以上都不成功,则按bytype的方式自动装配
- 都不成功,则报异常
修改实体类
package com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Data
public class User {
@Resource(name = "dog1")
private Dog dog;
@Resource
private Cat cat;
}
xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="user" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.User">
</bean>
<bean id="dog1" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhangjiangbo.cn.bean.Cat"></bean>
</beans>
输出
小结
@Autowored与@resource异同
1、@Autowired与@Resource都可以来装配bean,都可以写在字段上,或者写在set方法上
2、@Autowired默认按类型装配(属于spring规范),默认情况下必须要求依赖对象必须存在,如果允许为null值,可以设置他的requured属性为false,如@Autowired(requires=false),如果我们想使用名称装配可以借个@Qualifier注解进行使用
3、@Resource(属于J2EE复返),默认按照名称进行装配,名称可以通过name属性进行指定。如果没有指定name属性,当注解写在字段上时,默认取字段进行按照名称查找,如果直接卸载set方法上默认取属性名新型装配。当找不到与名称匹配的bean时才按照类型进行装配。但是需要注意的是,如果name属性一旦装配,就只会按照名称进行装配
他们的作用相同都是用注解方式注入对象,但执行顺序不同。@Autowoired先byTrype,.@Resource先byName