题干
若 x n > 0 , 且 x n + 1 x n > 1 − 1 n ( n = 1 , 2 , . . . ) , 证 明 级 数 ∑ n = 1 ∞ x n 发 散 若x_n>0,且\frac{x_{n+1}}{x_n}>1-\frac{1}{n}\,\,\left( n=1,2,... \right) ,证明级数\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{x_n}发散 若xn>0,且xnxn+1>1−n1(n=1,2,...),证明级数n=1∑∞xn发散
解答
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\because \frac{x_{n+1}}{x_n}>1-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{n-1}{n}
∵xnxn+1>1−n1=nn−1
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\therefore \frac{x_3}{x_2}>\frac{1}{2}\ ,\ \frac{x_4}{x_3}>\frac{2}{3}\ ,\ ...\ ,\ \frac{x_n}{x_{n-1}}>\frac{n-2}{n-1}
∴x2x3>21 , x3x4>32 , ... , xn−1xn>n−1n−2
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\because \frac{x_n}{x_{n-1}}\cdot \frac{x_{n-1}}{x_{n-2}}\cdots \frac{x_3}{x_2}>\frac{n-2}{n-1}\cdot \frac{n-3}{n-2}\cdots \frac{1}{2}
∵xn−1xn⋅xn−2xn−1⋯x2x3>n−1n−2⋅n−2n−3⋯21
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\therefore \frac{x_n}{x_2}>\frac{1}{n-1}\ \left( n>3 \right)
∴x2xn>n−11 (n>3)
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\therefore x_n>x_2\cdot \frac{1}{n-1}\ \left( n>3 \right)
∴xn>x2⋅n−11 (n>3)
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\therefore \sum_{n=3}^{\infty}{x_n}>x_2\cdot \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{n}}
∴n=3∑∞xn>x2⋅n=2∑∞n1
由于
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为调和级数,所以
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发散
\text{由于}\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{n}}\text{为调和级数,所以}\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{n}}\text{发散}
由于n=2∑∞n1为调和级数,所以n=2∑∞n1发散
调和级数也就是
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p=1时的p级数,证明见正项级数的积分审敛法,p级数的敛散性
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⇒
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发散
\therefore \sum_{n=3}^{\infty}{x_n}\text{发散}\Rightarrow \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{x_n}\text{发散\ }
∴n=3∑∞xn发散⇒n=1∑∞xn发散