线程之间访问同一变量:g_number
#include<iostream>
#include"osapi/osapi.h"
using namespace std;
int g_number = 10086;
class TaskA : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
while (!quitflag)
{
cout << "TaskA:" << g_number << endl;
OS_Thread::Msleep(1000);
}
cout << "TaskA Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
class TaskB : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
while (!quitflag)
{
cout << "TaskB:" << g_number << endl;
OS_Thread::Msleep(1000);
}
cout << "TaskB Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
int main()//主线程
{
TaskA task1;
task1.start();
TaskB task2;
task2.start();
cout << "---main routine is running----" << endl;
getchar();
task1.stop();
task2.stop();
cout << "退出程序" << endl;
return 0;
}
现在要对一个数组操作,要求一个进程生成元素相同的数组,另外一个进程对数组操作,但是保证操作前,这个数组每个元素都要相同
#include<iostream>
#include"osapi/osapi.h"
using namespace std;
int g_RW[16];
class TaskA : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
int times = 0;
while (!quitflag)
{
cout << "生成数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{
OS_Thread::Msleep(5);//每5毫秒执行一次操作,加长访问时间
g_RW[i] = times;//这个线程对数据操作,生成每个元素都是一样的数组
cout << g_RW[i]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
OS_Thread::Msleep(100);
if (times++ == 128) times = 0;
}
cout << "TaskA Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
class TaskB : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
while (!quitflag)
{
cout << "校验数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 15;i++)
{
OS_Thread::Msleep(5);//每5毫秒执行一次操作,加长访问时间
if (g_RW[i] != g_RW[i + 1])
cout << "g_RW[" << i << "]元素出错=" << g_RW[i] << endl;//这个线程对数组访问,要求数组每个元素都一样
cout << g_RW[i]<<" ";
}
cout << g_RW[15] << endl;
OS_Thread::Msleep(100);
}
cout << "TaskB Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
int main()//主线程
{
TaskA task1;
task1.start();
TaskB task2;
task2.start();
cout << "---main routine is running----" << endl;
//OS_Thread::Msleep(1000);
getchar();
task1.stop();
task2.stop();
cout << "退出程序" << endl;
return 0;
}
发现数组元素总是出错,操作系统发现一个进程运行的时间到了就会去切换运行另外一个进程,无法保证数据准确,怎么解决,引入互斥锁机制
互斥锁,C++里一般称为Mutex,Java里则一般称为Lock
互斥锁的使用
“在访问共享数据前,先获取锁,访问完成后,释放锁”
互斥锁机制:
“在一个线程获取锁之后,另一个线程的Lock操作会一直等待(阻塞),直到该锁被释放(unlock)”
#include<iostream>
#include"osapi/osapi.h"
using namespace std;
int g_RW[16];
OS_Mutex g_mutex;
class TaskA : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
int times = 0;
while (!quitflag)
{
g_mutex.Lock();//只有获取锁,才能执行如下程序
cout << "生成数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{
OS_Thread::Msleep(5);//每5毫秒执行一次操作,加长访问时间
g_RW[i] = times;//这个线程对数据操作,生成每个元素都是一样的数组
cout << g_RW[i]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
g_mutex.Unlock();//程序运行完成,释放锁
OS_Thread::Msleep(100);
if (times++ == 128) times = 0;
}
cout << "TaskA Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
class TaskB : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
while (!quitflag)
{
g_mutex.Lock();//只有获取锁,才能执行如下程序
cout << "校验数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 15;i++)
{
OS_Thread::Msleep(5);//每5毫秒执行一次操作,加长访问时间
if (g_RW[i] != g_RW[i + 1])
cout << "g_RW[" << i << "]元素出错=" << g_RW[i] << endl;//这个线程对数组访问,要求数组每个元素都一样
cout << g_RW[i]<<" ";
}
cout << g_RW[15] << endl;
g_mutex.Unlock();//程序运行完成,释放锁
OS_Thread::Msleep(100);
}
cout << "TaskB Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
int main()//主线程
{
TaskA task1;
task1.start();
TaskB task2;
task2.start();
cout << "---main routine is running----" << endl;
//OS_Thread::Msleep(1000);
getchar();
task1.stop();
task2.stop();
cout << "退出程序" << endl;
return 0;
}
如果一个线程拥有锁时间太长,别的线程等待这个锁,导致效率太低了
#include<iostream>
#include"osapi/osapi.h"
using namespace std;
int g_RW[16] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0};
OS_Mutex g_mutex;
class TaskA : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
TaskA() :quitflag(true) {}
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
int temp[16]={ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0 };
int times = 0;
while (!quitflag)
{
cout << "生成数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{
temp[i] = times;//这个线程对数据操作,生成每个元素都是一样的数组
cout << temp[i]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
if (times++ == 128) times = 0;
//由于生成时间太慢了,但是锁要及时释放
//我们让数据生成完成后,在调用执行锁里面的程序,程序占用锁时间大大缩短
g_mutex.Lock();
memcpy(g_RW, temp, 16*4);
g_mutex.Unlock();
}
cout << "TaskA Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
class TaskB : public OS_Thread
{
public:
bool quitflag;
TaskB() :quitflag(true) {}
void start()
{
quitflag = false;
Run();
}
void stop()
{
quitflag = true;
Join(this);
}
private:
virtual int Routine()
{
int temp[16] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0 };
while (!quitflag)
{
g_mutex.Lock();//只有获取锁,才能执行如下程序
memcpy(temp, g_RW, 16*4);
g_mutex.Unlock();//程序运行完成,释放锁
//尽量缩短对共享数据访问时间
cout << "校验数组:";
for (int i = 0; i < 15;i++)
{
if (temp[i] != temp[i + 1])
cout << "元素出错=" << temp[i] << endl;//这个线程对数组访问,要求数组每个元素都一样
cout << temp[i]<<" ";
}
cout << temp[15] << endl;
}
cout << "TaskB Exit !" << endl;
cout << "Save Data !" << endl;
return 0;
}
};
int main()//主线程
{
TaskA task1;
task1.start();
TaskB task2;
task2.start();
cout << "---main routine is running----" << endl;
getchar();
task1.stop();
task2.stop();
cout << "退出程序" << endl;
return 0;
}
1.多个线程之间,可以通过全局对象/堆对象来共享数据
2.当访问共享数据时(又读又写),为了保证数据的完整性,需要使用互斥锁机制
3.一个使用原则:尽量缩短对lock的占用时间