复习:这门课程得主要目的是通过真实的数据,以实战的方式了解数据分析的流程和熟悉数据分析python的基本操作。知道了课程的目的之后,我们接下来我们要正式的开始数据分析的实战教学,完成kaggle上泰坦尼克的任务,实战数据分析全流程。
这里有两份资料:
教材《Python for Data Analysis》和 baidu.com &
google.com(善用搜索引擎)
1 第一章:数据载入及初步观察
1.1 载入数据
数据集下载 https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic/overview
1.1.1 任务一:导入numpy和pandas
#写入代码
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
【提示】如果加载失败,学会如何在你的python环境下安装numpy和pandas这两个库
1.1.2 任务二:载入数据
(1) 使用相对路径载入数据
(2) 使用绝对路径载入数据
#写入代码(相对路径)
df_csv=pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
df_csv
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 12 columns
#写入代码(绝对路径)
df_test_csv=pd.read_csv('E:/jupyter_notebook/hands-on-data-analysis-master/hands-on-data-analysis-master/第一单元项目集合/test_1.csv')
df_test_csv
Unnamed: 0 | PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S | 100 |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C | 100 |
2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S | 100 |
3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S | 100 |
4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S | 100 |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S | 100 |
887 | 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S | 100 |
888 | 888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S | 100 |
889 | 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C | 100 |
890 | 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q | 100 |
891 rows × 14 columns
【提示】相对路径载入报错时,尝试使用os.getcwd()查看当前工作目录。
【思考】知道数据加载的方法后,试试pd.read_csv()和pd.read_table()的不同,如果想让他们效果一样,需要怎么做?了解一下’.tsv’和’.csv’的不同,如何加载这两个数据集?
【总结】加载的数据是所有工作的第一步,我们的工作会接触到不同的数据格式(eg:.csv;.tsv;.xlsx),但是加载的方法和思路都是一样的,在以后工作和做项目的过程中,遇到之前没有碰到的问题,要多多查资料吗,使用googel,了解业务逻辑,明白输入和输出是什么。
1.1.3 任务三:每1000行为一个数据模块,逐块读取
#写入代码
# Pandas 的 read_csv 函数提供2个参数:chunksize、iterator ,
# 可实现按行多次读取文件,避免内存不足情况。
# chunksize返回一个TextFileReader 对象,以便逐块处理文件。
df_csv=pd.read_csv('./train.csv',chunksize=100)
print(type(df_csv))
for chunk in df_csv:
print(chunk.shape)
<class 'pandas.io.parsers.TextFileReader'>
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(100, 12)
(91, 12)
【思考】什么是逐块读取?为什么要逐块读取呢?
【提示】大家可以chunker(数据块)是什么类型?用for
循环打印出来出处具体的样子是什么?
1.1.4 任务四:将表头改成中文,索引改为乘客ID [对于某些英文资料,我们可以通过翻译来更直观的熟悉我们的数据]
PassengerId => 乘客ID
Survived => 是否幸存
Pclass => 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)
Name => 乘客姓名
Sex => 性别
Age => 年龄
SibSp => 堂兄弟/妹个数
Parch => 父母与小孩个数
Ticket => 船票信息
Fare => 票价
Cabin => 客舱
Embarked => 登船港口
#写入代码
# 方法1
df_csv=pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
df_csv.columns=['乘客ID','是否幸存','乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)','乘客姓名','性别','年龄','堂兄弟/妹个数','父母与小孩个数','船票信息','票价','客舱','登船港口']
df_csv.to_csv('train_Chinese1.csv')
df_csv
乘客ID | 是否幸存 | 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) | 乘客姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 堂兄弟/妹个数 | 父母与小孩个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 12 columns
# 方法二 修改单独列 利用rename修改
df_csv=pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
df_csv.rename(columns={'Name':'乘客姓名'},inplace=True)
df_csv
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | 乘客姓名 | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 12 columns
【思考】所谓将表头改为中文其中一个思路是:将英文列名表头替换成中文。还有其他的方法吗?
1.2 初步观察
导入数据后,你可能要对数据的整体结构和样例进行概览,比如说,数据大小、有多少列,各列都是什么格式的,是否包含null等
1.2.1 任务一:查看数据的基本信息
#写入代码
df_csv=pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
df_csv.shape #形状
df_csv.columns.values #列标签
df_csv.index.values #行标签
df_csv.isnull().any() # 是否包含null 列级别判断
df_csv[df_csv.isnull().values==True] # 可以只显示存在缺失值的行列,清楚的确定缺失值的位置
df_csv.columns[df_csv.isnull().any()].tolist() # 空列找出来
df_csv.isnull().sum() # 列中空的个数
cols=df_csv.columns
# for i in cols:
# print(df_csv[i].dtype) #查看列的类型
for i in cols:
if str(df_csv[i].dtype)=='object':
print(i)
Name
<class 'numpy.dtype[object_]'>
Sex
<class 'numpy.dtype[object_]'>
Ticket
<class 'numpy.dtype[object_]'>
Cabin
<class 'numpy.dtype[object_]'>
Embarked
<class 'numpy.dtype[object_]'>
【提示】有多个函数可以这样做,你可以做一下总结
1.2.2 任务二:观察表格前10行的数据和后15行的数据
#写入代码
df_csv.head(10) #前十行
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
5 | 6 | 0 | 3 | Moran, Mr. James | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | 330877 | 8.4583 | NaN | Q |
6 | 7 | 0 | 1 | McCarthy, Mr. Timothy J | male | 54.0 | 0 | 0 | 17463 | 51.8625 | E46 | S |
7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard | male | 2.0 | 3 | 1 | 349909 | 21.0750 | NaN | S |
8 | 9 | 1 | 3 | Johnson, Mrs. Oscar W (Elisabeth Vilhelmina Berg) | female | 27.0 | 0 | 2 | 347742 | 11.1333 | NaN | S |
9 | 10 | 1 | 2 | Nasser, Mrs. Nicholas (Adele Achem) | female | 14.0 | 1 | 0 | 237736 | 30.0708 | NaN | C |
#写入代码
df_csv.tail(15)
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
876 | 877 | 0 | 3 | Gustafsson, Mr. Alfred Ossian | male | 20.0 | 0 | 0 | 7534 | 9.8458 | NaN | S |
877 | 878 | 0 | 3 | Petroff, Mr. Nedelio | male | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 349212 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
878 | 879 | 0 | 3 | Laleff, Mr. Kristo | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | 349217 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
879 | 880 | 1 | 1 | Potter, Mrs. Thomas Jr (Lily Alexenia Wilson) | female | 56.0 | 0 | 1 | 11767 | 83.1583 | C50 | C |
880 | 881 | 1 | 2 | Shelley, Mrs. William (Imanita Parrish Hall) | female | 25.0 | 0 | 1 | 230433 | 26.0000 | NaN | S |
881 | 882 | 0 | 3 | Markun, Mr. Johann | male | 33.0 | 0 | 0 | 349257 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
882 | 883 | 0 | 3 | Dahlberg, Miss. Gerda Ulrika | female | 22.0 | 0 | 0 | 7552 | 10.5167 | NaN | S |
883 | 884 | 0 | 2 | Banfield, Mr. Frederick James | male | 28.0 | 0 | 0 | C.A./SOTON 34068 | 10.5000 | NaN | S |
884 | 885 | 0 | 3 | Sutehall, Mr. Henry Jr | male | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | SOTON/OQ 392076 | 7.0500 | NaN | S |
885 | 886 | 0 | 3 | Rice, Mrs. William (Margaret Norton) | female | 39.0 | 0 | 5 | 382652 | 29.1250 | NaN | Q |
886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
1.2.4 任务三:判断数据是否为空,为空的地方返回True,其余地方返回False
#写入代码
df_T_F=df_csv.isnull()
df_T_F
PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | True | False |
1 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False |
2 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | True | False |
3 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False |
4 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | True | False |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | True | False |
887 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False |
888 | False | False | False | False | False | True | False | False | False | False | True | False |
889 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False |
890 | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | False | True | False |
891 rows × 12 columns
【总结】上面的操作都是数据分析中对于数据本身的观察
【思考】对于一个数据,还可以从哪些方面来观察?找找答案,这个将对下面的数据分析有很大的帮助
1.3 保存数据
1.3.1 任务一:将你加载并做出改变的数据,在工作目录下保存为一个新文件train_chinese.csv
#写入代码
# 注意:不同的操作系统保存下来可能会有乱码。大家可以加入`encoding='GBK' 或者 ’encoding = ’utf-8‘‘`
df_csv.columns=['乘客ID','是否幸存','乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)','乘客姓名','性别','年龄','堂兄弟/妹个数','父母与小孩个数','船票信息','票价','客舱','登船港口']
df_csv.to_excel('./train_chinese2.xlsx')
df_csv.to_csv('./train_chinese2.csv',encoding='GBK')
【总结】数据的加载以及入门,接下来就要接触数据本身的运算,我们将主要掌握numpy和pandas在工作和项目场景的运用。
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
1.4.1 任务一:pandas中有两个数据类型DateFrame和Series,通过查找简单了解他们。然后自己写一个关于这两个数据类型的小例子🌰[开放题]
#写入代码
pd_x={'Ohio': 35000, 'Texas': 71000, 'Oregon': 16000, 'Utah': 5000}
example=pd.Series(pd_x)
example
Ohio 35000
Texas 71000
Oregon 16000
Utah 5000
dtype: int64
'''
#我们举的例子
sdata = {'Ohio': 35000, 'Texas': 71000, 'Oregon': 16000, 'Utah': 5000}
example_1 = pd.Series(sdata)
example_1
'''
pd_y={'state': ['Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Nevada', 'Nevada', 'Nevada'],
'year': [2000, 2001, 2002, 2001, 2002, 2003],'pop': [1.5, 1.7, 3.6, 2.4, 2.9, 3.2]}
example_2=pd.DataFrame(pd_y)
example_2
state | year | pop | |
---|---|---|---|
0 | Ohio | 2000 | 1.5 |
1 | Ohio | 2001 | 1.7 |
2 | Ohio | 2002 | 3.6 |
3 | Nevada | 2001 | 2.4 |
4 | Nevada | 2002 | 2.9 |
5 | Nevada | 2003 | 3.2 |
'''
#我们举的例子
data = {'state': ['Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Nevada', 'Nevada', 'Nevada'],
'year': [2000, 2001, 2002, 2001, 2002, 2003],'pop': [1.5, 1.7, 3.6, 2.4, 2.9, 3.2]}
example_2 = pd.DataFrame(data)
example_2
'''
1.4.2 任务二:根据上节课的方法载入"train.csv"文件
#写入代码
pd_csv=pd.read_csv('./train_Chinese1.csv')
pd_csv
Unnamed: 0 | 乘客ID | 是否幸存 | 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) | 乘客姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 堂兄弟/妹个数 | 父母与小孩个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 13 columns
也可以加载上一节课保存的"train_chinese.csv"文件。通过翻译版train_chinese.csv熟悉了这个数据集,然后我们对trian.csv来进行操作
1.4.3 任务三:查看DataFrame数据的每列的名称
#写入代码
column_names=pd_csv.columns
column_names
for column_name in column_names:
print(column_name)
Unnamed: 0
乘客ID
是否幸存
乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)
乘客姓名
性别
年龄
堂兄弟/妹个数
父母与小孩个数
船票信息
票价
客舱
登船港口
1.4.4任务四:查看"Cabin"这列的所有值[有多种方法]
#写入代码
pd_csv['客舱']
0 NaN
1 C85
2 NaN
3 C123
4 NaN
...
886 NaN
887 B42
888 NaN
889 C148
890 NaN
Name: 客舱, Length: 891, dtype: object
#写入代码
pd_csv.客舱
0 NaN
1 C85
2 NaN
3 C123
4 NaN
...
886 NaN
887 B42
888 NaN
889 C148
890 NaN
Name: 客舱, Length: 891, dtype: object
1.4.5 任务五:加载文件"test_1.csv",然后对比"train.csv",看看有哪些多出的列,然后将多出的列删除
经过我们的观察发现一个测试集test_1.csv有一列是多余的,我们需要将这个多余的列删去
#写入代码
pd_test_csv=pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
pd_test_csv.columns # 多余‘a'
Index(['Unnamed: 0', 'PassengerId', 'Survived', 'Pclass', 'Name', 'Sex', 'Age',
'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Ticket', 'Fare', 'Cabin', 'Embarked', 'a'],
dtype='object')
#写入代码
del pd_test_csv['a']
pd_test_csv.columns
Index(['Unnamed: 0', 'PassengerId', 'Survived', 'Pclass', 'Name', 'Sex', 'Age',
'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Ticket', 'Fare', 'Cabin', 'Embarked'],
dtype='object')
【思考】还有其他的删除多余的列的方式吗?
# 思考回答
# 采用drop方法 .drop('num',axix=1),不改变内存,及输入df的时候,它还是显示原数据
# .drop('num',axix=1,inplace=True),改变内存,及输入df的时候,它显示改变后的数据
pd_test=pd_test_csv.drop('a',axis=1)
print(pd_test_csv.columns)
pd_test
Index(['Unnamed: 0', 'PassengerId', 'Survived', 'Pclass', 'Name', 'Sex', 'Age',
'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Ticket', 'Fare', 'Cabin', 'Embarked', 'a'],
dtype='object')
Unnamed: 0 | PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 13 columns
1.4.6 任务六: 将[‘PassengerId’,‘Name’,‘Age’,‘Ticket’]这几个列元素隐藏,只观察其他几个列元素
#写入代码
pd_test_csv.drop(['PassengerId','Name','Age','Ticket'],axis=1)
Unnamed: 0 | Survived | Pclass | Sex | SibSp | Parch | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | male | 1 | 0 | 7.2500 | NaN | S | 100 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | female | 1 | 0 | 71.2833 | C85 | C | 100 |
2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | female | 0 | 0 | 7.9250 | NaN | S | 100 |
3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | female | 1 | 0 | 53.1000 | C123 | S | 100 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 3 | male | 0 | 0 | 8.0500 | NaN | S | 100 |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 886 | 0 | 2 | male | 0 | 0 | 13.0000 | NaN | S | 100 |
887 | 887 | 1 | 1 | female | 0 | 0 | 30.0000 | B42 | S | 100 |
888 | 888 | 0 | 3 | female | 1 | 2 | 23.4500 | NaN | S | 100 |
889 | 889 | 1 | 1 | male | 0 | 0 | 30.0000 | C148 | C | 100 |
890 | 890 | 0 | 3 | male | 0 | 0 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q | 100 |
891 rows × 10 columns
【思考】对比任务五和任务六,是不是使用了不一样的方法(函数),如果使用一样的函数如何完成上面的不同的要求呢?
【思考回答】
如果想要完全的删除你的数据结构,使用inplace=True,因为使用inplace就将原数据覆盖了,所以这里没有用
1.5 筛选的逻辑
表格数据中,最重要的一个功能就是要具有可筛选的能力,选出我所需要的信息,丢弃无用的信息。
下面我们还是用实战来学习pandas这个功能。
1.5.1 任务一: 我们以"Age"为筛选条件,显示年龄在10岁以下的乘客信息。
#写入代码
pd_test_csv=pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
pd_test_csv[pd_test_csv.Age<10]
Unnamed: 0 | PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard | male | 2.00 | 3 | 1 | 349909 | 21.0750 | NaN | S | 100 |
10 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 3 | Sandstrom, Miss. Marguerite Rut | female | 4.00 | 1 | 1 | PP 9549 | 16.7000 | G6 | S | 100 |
16 | 16 | 17 | 0 | 3 | Rice, Master. Eugene | male | 2.00 | 4 | 1 | 382652 | 29.1250 | NaN | Q | 100 |
24 | 24 | 25 | 0 | 3 | Palsson, Miss. Torborg Danira | female | 8.00 | 3 | 1 | 349909 | 21.0750 | NaN | S | 100 |
43 | 43 | 44 | 1 | 2 | Laroche, Miss. Simonne Marie Anne Andree | female | 3.00 | 1 | 2 | SC/Paris 2123 | 41.5792 | NaN | C | 100 |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
827 | 827 | 828 | 1 | 2 | Mallet, Master. Andre | male | 1.00 | 0 | 2 | S.C./PARIS 2079 | 37.0042 | NaN | C | 100 |
831 | 831 | 832 | 1 | 2 | Richards, Master. George Sibley | male | 0.83 | 1 | 1 | 29106 | 18.7500 | NaN | S | 100 |
850 | 850 | 851 | 0 | 3 | Andersson, Master. Sigvard Harald Elias | male | 4.00 | 4 | 2 | 347082 | 31.2750 | NaN | S | 100 |
852 | 852 | 853 | 0 | 3 | Boulos, Miss. Nourelain | female | 9.00 | 1 | 1 | 2678 | 15.2458 | NaN | C | 100 |
869 | 869 | 870 | 1 | 3 | Johnson, Master. Harold Theodor | male | 4.00 | 1 | 1 | 347742 | 11.1333 | NaN | S | 100 |
62 rows × 14 columns
1.5.2 任务二: 以"Age"为条件,将年龄在10岁以上和50岁以下的乘客信息显示出来,并将这个数据命名为midage
#写入代码
pd_test_csv=pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
midage=pd_test_csv[(pd_test_csv.Age<50) & (pd_test_csv.Age>10)]
midage
Unnamed: 0 | PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S | 100 |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C | 100 |
2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S | 100 |
3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S | 100 |
4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S | 100 |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
885 | 885 | 886 | 0 | 3 | Rice, Mrs. William (Margaret Norton) | female | 39.0 | 0 | 5 | 382652 | 29.1250 | NaN | Q | 100 |
886 | 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S | 100 |
887 | 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S | 100 |
889 | 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C | 100 |
890 | 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q | 100 |
576 rows × 14 columns
【提示】了解pandas的条件筛选方式以及如何使用交集和并集操作
1.5.3 任务三:将midage的数据中第100行的"Pclass"和"Sex"的数据显示出来
#写入代码
# loc函数:通过行索引 "Index" 中的具体值来取行数据
# iloc函数:通过行号来取行数据
# midage.loc[[100],['Pclass','Sex']]
midage.iloc[[100],[3,5]]
Pclass | Sex | |
---|---|---|
149 | 2 | male |
【提示】在抽取数据中,我们希望数据的相对顺序保持不变,用什么函数可以达到这个效果呢?
1.5.4 任务四:使用loc方法将midage的数据中第100,105,108行的"Pclass","Name"和"Sex"的数据显示出来
#写入代码
midage.loc[[100,105,108],['Pclass','Name','Sex']]
Pclass | Name | Sex | |
---|---|---|---|
100 | 3 | Petranec, Miss. Matilda | female |
105 | 3 | Mionoff, Mr. Stoytcho | male |
108 | 3 | Rekic, Mr. Tido | male |
1.5.5 任务五:使用iloc方法将midage的数据中第100,105,108行的"Pclass","Name"和"Sex"的数据显示出来
#写入代码
midage.iloc[[100,105,108],[3,4,5]]
Pclass | Name | Sex | |
---|---|---|---|
149 | 2 | Byles, Rev. Thomas Roussel Davids | male |
160 | 3 | Cribb, Mr. John Hatfield | male |
163 | 3 | Calic, Mr. Jovo | male |
【思考】对比iloc
和loc
的异同
#加载所需的库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
#载入之前保存的train_chinese.csv数据,关于泰坦尼克号的任务,我们就使用这个数据
pd_train_chinese=pd.read_csv('./train_Chinese1.csv')
pd_train_chinese
Unnamed: 0 | 乘客ID | 是否幸存 | 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) | 乘客姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 堂兄弟/妹个数 | 父母与小孩个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
886 | 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
887 | 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
888 | 888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
889 | 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
890 | 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 13 columns
1.6 了解你的数据吗?
教材《Python for Data Analysis》第五章
1.6.1 任务一:利用Pandas对示例数据进行排序,要求升序
# 具体请看《利用Python进行数据分析》第五章 排序和排名 部分
#自己构建一个都为数字的DataFrame数据
'''
我们举了一个例子
pd.DataFrame() :创建一个DataFrame对象
np.arange(8).reshape((2, 4)) : 生成一个二维数组(2*4),第一列:0,1,2,3 第二列:4,5,6,7
index=[2,1] :DataFrame 对象的索引列
columns=['d', 'a', 'b', 'c'] :DataFrame 对象的索引行
'''
【代码解析】
pd.DataFrame() :创建一个DataFrame对象
np.arange(8).reshape((2, 4)) : 生成一个二维数组(2*4),第一列:0,1,2,3 第二列:4,5,6,7
index=['2, 1] :DataFrame 对象的索引列
columns=[‘d’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’] :DataFrame 对象的索引行
【问题】:大多数时候我们都是想根据列的值来排序,所以将你构建的DataFrame中的数据根据某一列,升序排列
#回答代码
df_np=np.arange(8).reshape((2,4))
df=pd.DataFrame(df_np,index=[2,1],columns=['d', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
df
d | a | b | c | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
【思考】通过书本你能说出Pandas对DataFrame数据的其他排序方式吗?
【总结】下面将不同的排序方式做一个总结
1.让行索引升序排序
#代码
df.sort_index(axis=0)
d | a | b | c | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
2.让列索引升序排序
#代码 默认True 升序 Flase降序
df.sort_index(axis=1,ascending=True)
a | b | c | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
1 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
3.让列索引降序排序
#代码
df.sort_index(axis=1,ascending=False)
d | c | b | a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
1 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
4.让任选两列数据同时降序排序
#代码
df.sort_values(by=['c','d'],ascending=False)
d | a | b | c | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
1.6.2 任务二:对泰坦尼克号数据(trian.csv)按票价和年龄两列进行综合排序(降序排列),从这个数据中你可以分析出什么?
'''
在开始我们已经导入了train_chinese.csv数据,而且前面我们也学习了导入数据过程,根据上面学习,我们直接对目标列进行排序即可
head(20) : 读取前20条数据
'''
#代码
pd_train_chinese.sort_values(by=['票价'],ascending=False).head(20)
Unnamed: 0 | 乘客ID | 是否幸存 | 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) | 乘客姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 堂兄弟/妹个数 | 父母与小孩个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
258 | 258 | 259 | 1 | 1 | Ward, Miss. Anna | female | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | PC 17755 | 512.3292 | NaN | C |
737 | 737 | 738 | 1 | 1 | Lesurer, Mr. Gustave J | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | PC 17755 | 512.3292 | B101 | C |
679 | 679 | 680 | 1 | 1 | Cardeza, Mr. Thomas Drake Martinez | male | 36.0 | 0 | 1 | PC 17755 | 512.3292 | B51 B53 B55 | C |
88 | 88 | 89 | 1 | 1 | Fortune, Miss. Mabel Helen | female | 23.0 | 3 | 2 | 19950 | 263.0000 | C23 C25 C27 | S |
27 | 27 | 28 | 0 | 1 | Fortune, Mr. Charles Alexander | male | 19.0 | 3 | 2 | 19950 | 263.0000 | C23 C25 C27 | S |
341 | 341 | 342 | 1 | 1 | Fortune, Miss. Alice Elizabeth | female | 24.0 | 3 | 2 | 19950 | 263.0000 | C23 C25 C27 | S |
438 | 438 | 439 | 0 | 1 | Fortune, Mr. Mark | male | 64.0 | 1 | 4 | 19950 | 263.0000 | C23 C25 C27 | S |
311 | 311 | 312 | 1 | 1 | Ryerson, Miss. Emily Borie | female | 18.0 | 2 | 2 | PC 17608 | 262.3750 | B57 B59 B63 B66 | C |
742 | 742 | 743 | 1 | 1 | Ryerson, Miss. Susan Parker "Suzette" | female | 21.0 | 2 | 2 | PC 17608 | 262.3750 | B57 B59 B63 B66 | C |
118 | 118 | 119 | 0 | 1 | Baxter, Mr. Quigg Edmond | male | 24.0 | 0 | 1 | PC 17558 | 247.5208 | B58 B60 | C |
299 | 299 | 300 | 1 | 1 | Baxter, Mrs. James (Helene DeLaudeniere Chaput) | female | 50.0 | 0 | 1 | PC 17558 | 247.5208 | B58 B60 | C |
557 | 557 | 558 | 0 | 1 | Robbins, Mr. Victor | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | PC 17757 | 227.5250 | NaN | C |
700 | 700 | 701 | 1 | 1 | Astor, Mrs. John Jacob (Madeleine Talmadge Force) | female | 18.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17757 | 227.5250 | C62 C64 | C |
380 | 380 | 381 | 1 | 1 | Bidois, Miss. Rosalie | female | 42.0 | 0 | 0 | PC 17757 | 227.5250 | NaN | C |
716 | 716 | 717 | 1 | 1 | Endres, Miss. Caroline Louise | female | 38.0 | 0 | 0 | PC 17757 | 227.5250 | C45 | C |
527 | 527 | 528 | 0 | 1 | Farthing, Mr. John | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | PC 17483 | 221.7792 | C95 | S |
377 | 377 | 378 | 0 | 1 | Widener, Mr. Harry Elkins | male | 27.0 | 0 | 2 | 113503 | 211.5000 | C82 | C |
730 | 730 | 731 | 1 | 1 | Allen, Miss. Elisabeth Walton | female | 29.0 | 0 | 0 | 24160 | 211.3375 | B5 | S |
779 | 779 | 780 | 1 | 1 | Robert, Mrs. Edward Scott (Elisabeth Walton Mc... | female | 43.0 | 0 | 1 | 24160 | 211.3375 | B3 | S |
689 | 689 | 690 | 1 | 1 | Madill, Miss. Georgette Alexandra | female | 15.0 | 0 | 1 | 24160 | 211.3375 | B5 | S |
【思考】排序后,如果我们仅仅关注年龄和票价两列。根据常识我知道发现票价越高的应该客舱越好,所以我们会明显看出,票价前20的乘客中存活的有14人,这是相当高的一个比例,那么我们后面是不是可以进一步分析一下票价和存活之间的关系,年龄和存活之间的关系呢?当你开始发现数据之间的关系了,数据分析就开始了。
当然,这只是我的想法,你还可以有更多想法,欢迎写在你的学习笔记中。
多做几个数据的排序
#代码
pd_train_chinese.sort_values(by=['年龄'],ascending=True).head(20)
Unnamed: 0 | 乘客ID | 是否幸存 | 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) | 乘客姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 堂兄弟/妹个数 | 父母与小孩个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
803 | 803 | 804 | 1 | 3 | Thomas, Master. Assad Alexander | male | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 2625 | 8.5167 | NaN | C |
755 | 755 | 756 | 1 | 2 | Hamalainen, Master. Viljo | male | 0.67 | 1 | 1 | 250649 | 14.5000 | NaN | S |
644 | 644 | 645 | 1 | 3 | Baclini, Miss. Eugenie | female | 0.75 | 2 | 1 | 2666 | 19.2583 | NaN | C |
469 | 469 | 470 | 1 | 3 | Baclini, Miss. Helene Barbara | female | 0.75 | 2 | 1 | 2666 | 19.2583 | NaN | C |
78 | 78 | 79 | 1 | 2 | Caldwell, Master. Alden Gates | male | 0.83 | 0 | 2 | 248738 | 29.0000 | NaN | S |
831 | 831 | 832 | 1 | 2 | Richards, Master. George Sibley | male | 0.83 | 1 | 1 | 29106 | 18.7500 | NaN | S |
305 | 305 | 306 | 1 | 1 | Allison, Master. Hudson Trevor | male | 0.92 | 1 | 2 | 113781 | 151.5500 | C22 C26 | S |
827 | 827 | 828 | 1 | 2 | Mallet, Master. Andre | male | 1.00 | 0 | 2 | S.C./PARIS 2079 | 37.0042 | NaN | C |
381 | 381 | 382 | 1 | 3 | Nakid, Miss. Maria ("Mary") | female | 1.00 | 0 | 2 | 2653 | 15.7417 | NaN | C |
164 | 164 | 165 | 0 | 3 | Panula, Master. Eino Viljami | male | 1.00 | 4 | 1 | 3101295 | 39.6875 | NaN | S |
183 | 183 | 184 | 1 | 2 | Becker, Master. Richard F | male | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 230136 | 39.0000 | F4 | S |
386 | 386 | 387 | 0 | 3 | Goodwin, Master. Sidney Leonard | male | 1.00 | 5 | 2 | CA 2144 | 46.9000 | NaN | S |
172 | 172 | 173 | 1 | 3 | Johnson, Miss. Eleanor Ileen | female | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 347742 | 11.1333 | NaN | S |
788 | 788 | 789 | 1 | 3 | Dean, Master. Bertram Vere | male | 1.00 | 1 | 2 | C.A. 2315 | 20.5750 | NaN | S |
642 | 642 | 643 | 0 | 3 | Skoog, Miss. Margit Elizabeth | female | 2.00 | 3 | 2 | 347088 | 27.9000 | NaN | S |
7 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard | male | 2.00 | 3 | 1 | 349909 | 21.0750 | NaN | S |
530 | 530 | 531 | 1 | 2 | Quick, Miss. Phyllis May | female | 2.00 | 1 | 1 | 26360 | 26.0000 | NaN | S |
297 | 297 | 298 | 0 | 1 | Allison, Miss. Helen Loraine | female | 2.00 | 1 | 2 | 113781 | 151.5500 | C22 C26 | S |
824 | 824 | 825 | 0 | 3 | Panula, Master. Urho Abraham | male | 2.00 | 4 | 1 | 3101295 | 39.6875 | NaN | S |
205 | 205 | 206 | 0 | 3 | Strom, Miss. Telma Matilda | female | 2.00 | 0 | 1 | 347054 | 10.4625 | G6 | S |
#写下你的思考
# 按照年龄倒序前20 只存活了4到5个 正序存活了12个
1.6.3 任务三:利用Pandas进行算术计算,计算两个DataFrame数据相加结果
# 具体请看《利用Python进行数据分析》第五章 算术运算与数据对齐 部分
#自己构建两个都为数字的DataFrame数据
"""
我们举了一个例子:
frame1_a = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3),
columns=['a', 'b', 'c'],
index=['one', 'two', 'three'])
frame1_b = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(12.).reshape(4, 3),
columns=['a', 'e', 'c'],
index=['first', 'one', 'two', 'second'])
frame1_a
"""
#代码
framel_a=pd.DataFrame(np.arange(9.).reshape(3,3),
columns=['a','b','c'],
index=['one','two','three'])
frame1_b = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(12.).reshape(4, 3),
columns=['a', 'e', 'c'],
index=['first', 'one', 'two', 'second'])
frame1_b
a | e | c | |
---|---|---|---|
first | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
one | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
two | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
second | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 |
将frame_a和frame_b进行相加
#代码
framel_a+frame1_b
a | b | c | e | |
---|---|---|---|---|
first | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
one | 3.0 | NaN | 7.0 | NaN |
second | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
three | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN |
two | 9.0 | NaN | 13.0 | NaN |
【提醒】两个DataFrame相加后,会返回一个新的DataFrame,对应的行和列的值会相加,没有对应的会变成空值NaN。
当然,DataFrame还有很多算术运算,如减法,除法等,有兴趣的同学可以看《利用Python进行数据分析》第五章 算术运算与数据对齐 部分,多在网络上查找相关学习资料。
1.6.4 任务四:通过泰坦尼克号数据如何计算出在船上最大的家族有多少人?
'''
还是用之前导入的chinese_train.csv如果我们想看看在船上,最大的家族有多少人(‘兄弟姐妹个数’+‘父母子女个数’),我们该怎么做呢?
'''
#代码
pd_penple=pd_train_chinese['父母与小孩个数']+pd_train_chinese['堂兄弟/妹个数']
max(pd_penple.values)
10
【提醒】我们只需找出”兄弟姐妹个数“和”父母子女个数“之和最大的数,当然你还可以想出很多方法和思考角度,欢迎你来说出你的看法。
多做几个数据的相加,看看你能分析出什么?
#代码
#写下你的其他分析
1.6.5 任务五:学会使用Pandas describe()函数查看数据基本统计信息
#(1) 关键知识点示例做一遍(简单数据)
# 具体请看《利用Python进行数据分析》第五章 汇总和计算描述统计 部分
#自己构建一个有数字有空值的DataFrame数据
"""
我们举了一个例子:
frame2 = pd.DataFrame([[1.4, np.nan],
[7.1, -4.5],
[np.nan, np.nan],
[0.75, -1.3]
], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['one', 'two'])
frame2
"""
#代码
frame2 = pd.DataFrame([[1.4, np.nan],
[7.1, -4.5],
[np.nan, np.nan],
[0.75, -1.3]
], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['one', 'two'])
frame2
one | two | |
---|---|---|
a | 1.40 | NaN |
b | 7.10 | -4.5 |
c | NaN | NaN |
d | 0.75 | -1.3 |
调用 describe 函数,观察frame2的数据基本信息
#代码
frame2.describe()
one | two | |
---|---|---|
count | 3.000000 | 2.000000 |
mean | 3.083333 | -2.900000 |
std | 3.493685 | 2.262742 |
min | 0.750000 | -4.500000 |
25% | 1.075000 | -3.700000 |
50% | 1.400000 | -2.900000 |
75% | 4.250000 | -2.100000 |
max | 7.100000 | -1.300000 |
1.6.6 任务六:分别看看泰坦尼克号数据集中 票价、父母子女 这列数据的基本统计数据,你能发现什么?
'''
看看泰坦尼克号数据集中 票价 这列数据的基本统计数据
'''
#代码
pd_train_chinese['票价'].describe()
count 891.000000
mean 32.204208
std 49.693429
min 0.000000
25% 7.910400
50% 14.454200
75% 31.000000
max 512.329200
Name: 票价, dtype: float64
【思考】从上面数据我们可以看出,试试在下面写出你的看法。然后看看我们给出的答案。
当然,答案只是我的想法,你还可以有更多想法,欢迎写在你的学习笔记中。
多做几个组数据的统计,看看你能分析出什么?
# 写下你的其他分析
pd_train_chinese['年龄'].describe()
pd_train_chinese['是否幸存'].describe()
count 891.000000
mean 0.383838
std 0.486592
min 0.000000
25% 0.000000
50% 0.000000
75% 1.000000
max 1.000000
Name: 是否幸存, dtype: float64
【思考】有更多想法,欢迎写在你的学习笔记中。
【总结】本节中我们通过Pandas的一些内置函数对数据进行了初步统计查看,这个过程最重要的不是大家得掌握这些函数,而是看懂从这些函数出来的数据,构建自己的数据分析思维,这也是第一章最重要的点,希望大家学完第一章能对数据有个基本认识,了解自己在做什么,为什么这么做,后面的章节我们将开始对数据进行清洗,进一步分析。