环境部署
创建机器：
pubserver: 192.168.88.240 # 自动化运维
client1: 192.168.88.10 #客户机
nginx1: 192.168.88.11 #负载均衡调度器
nginx2: 192.168.88.12 #负载均衡调度器
web1: 192.168.88.100 #Web工作服务器
web2: 192.168.88.200 #Web工作服务器
准备测试页面和需要的软件包
[root@lhh ~]# rsync -av web/destroy 192.168.88.100:
sending incremental file list
destroy/
destroy/index.html
destroy/statics/
destroy/statics/images/
destroy/statics/images/qi.jpg
destroy/statics/js/
destroy/statics/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js
sent 174,339 bytes received 101 bytes 69,776.00 bytes/sec
total size is 173,968 speedup is 1.00
[root@lhh ~]# rsync -av web/link 192.168.88.200:
sending incremental file list
link/
link/index.html
link/statics/
link/statics/images/
link/statics/images/qi.jpg
link/statics/js/
link/statics/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js
sent 181,766 bytes received 97 bytes 72,745.20 bytes/sec
total size is 181,402 speedup is 1.00
[root@web1 ~]# cp -r destroy/* /var/www/html/ #将测试页面放入网页根目录
[root@web2 ~]# cp -r link/* /var/www/html
在pubserver主机上编写playbook给web1,web2安装httpd以及启动httpd服务
[root@lhh ~]# cd cluster
[root@lhh cluster]# vim install-http.yaml
---
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- yum:
name: httpd
- service:
name: httpd
state: started
enabled: yes
[root@lhh cluster]# ansible-playbook install-http.yaml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************
ok: [web1]
ok: [web2]
TASK [yum] *********************************************************************************
changed: [web1]
changed: [web2]
TASK [service] *****************************************************************************
changed: [web1]
changed: [web2]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************
web1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
web2 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[root@web1 ~]# ss -nutlp | grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("httpd",pid=24840,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24511,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24510,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24509,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24491,fd=3))
[root@web2 ~]# ss -nutlp |grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("httpd",pid=24243,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24242,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24241,fd=3),("httpd",pid=24223,fd=3))
编写Shell脚本nginx.sh给nginx1,nginx2安装nginx
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum -y install gcc make pcre-devel openssl-devel
tar -xf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.22.1
./configure
make
make install
[root@nginx2 ~]# vim nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum -y install gcc make pcre-devel openssl-devel
tar -xf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.22.1
./configure
make
make install
[root@nginx1 nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@nginx1 nginx]# sbin/nginx
[root@nginx1 ~]# ss -nutlp | grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("nginx",pid=1343,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1342,fd=6))
[root@nginx2 nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@nginx2 nginx]# sbin/nginx
[root@nginx2 ~]# ss -nutlp | grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("nginx",pid=1343,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1342,fd=6))
修改nginx配置文件搭建Web集群实现负载均衡
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
26 upstream webserver {
27 server 192.168.88.100:80;
28 server 192.168.88.200:80;
29
30 }
......
47 location / {
48 root html;
49 index index.html index.htm;
50 proxy_pass http://webserver; #调用集群
51 }
[root@nginx2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
26 upstream webserver {
27 server 192.168.88.100:80;
28 server 192.168.88.200:80;
29
30 }
......
47 location / {
48 root html;
49 index index.html index.htm;
50 proxy_pass http://webserver; #调用集群
51 }
[root@nginx1 nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload #重启nginx
[root@nginx2 nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload
在浏览器中输入nginx1地址192.168.88.11查看网页内容
客户端通过访问nginx服务器，nginx服务器将请求分发到Web工作集群，web1收到请求，执行请求，再将完成的页面返还给nginx代理服务器，nginx代理服务器将web页面给客户端。
多次刷新页面，发现请求会分发到web2工作服务器上，web2服务器完成请求，将完成的页面返还给nginx代理服务器，nginx代理服务器将web页面给客户端。
这样就完成了负载均衡，通过nginx代理服务器分发请求到web工作集群，分散了服务器的压力。
接下来要实现高可用
编写playbook在nginx1,nginx2上安装keepalived
[root@lhh cluster]# vim install-keepalived.yml
---
- hosts: nginx
tasks:
- yum:
name: keepalived
state: present
root@lhh cluster]# ansible-playbook install-keepalived.yml
PLAY [nginx] *******************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************
ok: [nginx2]
ok: [nginx1]
TASK [yum] *********************************************************************************
changed: [nginx1]
changed: [nginx2]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************
nginx1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
nginx2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
修改keepalived配置文件
12 router_id nginx1
13 vrrp_iptables
36 virtual_ipaddress {
37 192.168.88.101
38 } #配置VIP
...
51 real_server 192.168.88.100 80 { #修改真实服务器地址
52 weight 1
53 TCP_CHECK {
54 connect_timeout 3
55 retry 3
56 delay_before_retry 3
57 }
58 }
59 }
70 real_server 192.168.88.200 80 {
71 weight 1
72 TCP_CHECK {
73 connect_timeout 3
74 retry 3
75 delay_before_retry 3
76 }
77 }
[root@nginx2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id nginx2
13 vrrp_iptables
24 state BACKUP
27 priority 80
....
33 virtual_ipaddress {
34 192.168.88.101
35 }
.....
real_server 192.168.88.100 80 {
50 weight 1
51 TCP_CHECK {
52 connect_timeout 3
53 retry 3
54 delay_before_retry 3
55 }
56 }
57 }
....
68 real_server 192.168.88.200 80 {
69 weight 1
70 TCP_CHECK {
71 connect_timeout 3
72 retry 3
73 delay_before_retry 3
74 }
75 }
#当主没有宕机时，VIP只出现在主服务器上
[root@nginx1 ~]# ip a s| grep 192
inet 192.168.88.11/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.101/32 scope global eth0
[root@nginx2 ~]# ip a s| grep 192
inet 192.168.88.12/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
当主服务器宕机时，VIP通过keepalived故障转移机制将VIP切换到备服务器上
[root@nginx1 ~]# poweroff
[root@nginx2 ~]# ip a s| grep 192
inet 192.168.88.12/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.101/32 scope global eth0
通过访问VIP192.168.88.101也能访问到web页面
高可用集群到这搭建完了
但Keepalived不知道服务器上运行了哪些服务，MASTER服务器可以通过跟踪脚本监视本机的80端口，一旦本机80端口失效，则将VIP切换至BACKUP服务器，Keepalived对脚本的要求是，退出码为0表示访问成功；退出码为1表示失败。
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_http.sh
#!/bin/bash
ss -tlnp | grep :80 &> /dev/null && exit 0 || exit 1
[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
20 vrrp_script chk_http_port{
21 script "/etc/keepalived/check_http.sh"
22 interval 2
23 }
39 track_script {
40 chk_http_port #调用脚本
41 }
#同理在nginx2服务器上修改配置文件
#关掉nginx服务来测试
[root@nginx1 ~]# ip a s| grep 192
inet 192.168.88.11/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@nginx1 nginx]# sbin/nginx
[root@nginx1 nginx]# sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@nginx1 nginx]# ip a s | grep 192
inet 192.168.88.11/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
#在nginx2上查看VIP
[root@nginx2 nginx]# ip a s| grep 192
inet 192.168.88.12/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.101/32 scope global eth0
#再启动nginx服务在nginx1上查看VIP
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